{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:16:44Z","timestamp":1772644604624,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Consejer\u00eda de Transformaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (Spain)","award":["A-CTS-120-UGR20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-CTS-120-UGR20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a multifactorial syndrome, mainly characterized by chronic widespread pain, whose physiopathology is yet to be determined. Reliable biomarkers for FM and how they are associated with the symptomatology have not yet been identified. We aimed to examine the relationships among serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels with clinical manifestations and pain-related variables in women with FM. We conducted an observational case study with forty-seven women diagnosed with FM. Serum VEGF and CGRP levels were spectrophotometrically analyzed. We used questionnaires to measure the impact of FM and the degree of central sensitization, fatigue, and anxiety. We also assessed pain intensity, electric pain threshold and magnitude, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in tender points. The linear regression analysis adjusting for age, menopause status, and body mass index showed that serum VEGF levels were significantly associated with the PPTs of non-dominant trapezius (\u03b2 = 153.418; p = 0.033), non-dominant second metacarpal (\u03b2 = 174.676; p = 0.008) and dominant tibialis anterior (\u03b2 = 115.080; p = 0.049) in women with FM. We found no association between serum CGRP levels and the variables measured (p \u2265 0.152). Our results suggest that VEGF may be related to pain processing in patients with FM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1698147287000},"page":"15533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Serum VEGF and CGRP Biomarkers: Relationships with Pain Intensity, Electric Pain, Pressure Pain Threshold, and Clinical Symptoms in Fibromyalgia\u2014An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rosa M\u00aa","family":"Tapia-Haro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Casas-Barrag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Correa-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Ave. de la Ilustraci\u00f3n, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa Encarnaci\u00f3n","family":"Aguilar-Ferr\u00e1ndiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maffei, M.E. 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