{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:27:54Z","timestamp":1792250874474,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Development of a differentiated approach to management of patients of reproductive age with different forms of endometriosis","award":["122020900125-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122020900125-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the profile of serum autoantibodies and their diagnostic and pathogenetic significance in ovarian endometrioma (OEM) and deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE). The study enrolled 74 patients with endometriosis (Group 1), including 53 patients with OEM (Subgroup 1a); 21 patients with DIE without ovarian lesions (Subgroup 1b); and 27 patients without endometriosis (Group 2). The diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopic surgery and histologic examination of resected tissues. Antibodies (M, G) to tropomyosin 3 (TPM), tropomodulin 3 (TMOD), \u03b1-enolase (ENO), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were identified in blood serum using modified ELISA. In endometriosis, antibodies to endometrial antigens, hormones, and ENO were detected more often than antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies. Higher levels of IgM to TPM, hCG, E2, and PG and IgG to TMOD, ENO, E2, and hCG were found in Subgroup 1a compared to Group 2. IgM to TPM, hCG, E2, PG, and IgG to E2 and ENO had a high diagnostic value for OEM (AUC &gt; 0.7), with antibodies to TPM having the highest sensitivity and specificity (73.6% and 81.5%). In Subgroup 1b, only the levels of IgM to TPM and hCG were higher than in Group 2. These antibodies had a high diagnostic value for DIE. Thus, endometriosis is associated with autoantibodies to endometrial antigens, \u03b1-enolase, steroid, and gonadotropic hormones. A wider spectrum of antibodies is detected in OEM than in DIE. These antibodies have a high diagnostic value for OEM and DIE and potential pathogenetic significance for endometriosis and associated infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1698227648000},"page":"15578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Potential Significance of Serum Autoantibodies to Endometrial Antigens, \u03b1-Enolase and Hormones in Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina V.","family":"Menzhinskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav V.","family":"Pavlovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arika G.","family":"Melkumyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir D.","family":"Chuprynin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina L.","family":"Yarotskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennady T.","family":"Sukhikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00389-5","article-title":"Endometriosis Is a Chronic Systemic Disease: Clinical Challenges and Novel Innovations","volume":"397","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolarz, B., Szy\u0142\u0142o, K., and Romanowicz, H. (2021). Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910554"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13590","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13590","article-title":"Endometriosis and Inflammatory Immune Responses: Indian Experience","volume":"89","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.17116\/repro20192506178","article-title":"Endometrioma: A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Treatment Tactics","volume":"25","author":"Gasparyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probl. Reproduktsii (Russ. J. Hum. Reprod.)"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"87","article-title":"The short form endometriosis health profile questionnaire (EHP-5): Psychometric validity assessment of a Croatian version","volume":"307","author":"Matak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.001","article-title":"Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: Review of Current Peripheral Blood and Endometrial Biomarkers","volume":"50","author":"Dorien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2021.08.032","article-title":"An International Terminology for Endometriosis","volume":"28","author":"Tomassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hoac009","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009","article-title":"ESHRE Guideline: Endometriosis","volume":"2022","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab085","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Endometriosis by Transvaginal Ultrasound Can Accurately Replace Diagnostic Laparoscopy, Mainly for Deep and Ovarian Endometriosis","volume":"36","author":"Goncalves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"CD012179","article-title":"Blood Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis","volume":"2016","author":"Nisenblat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.004","article-title":"The Immunopathophysiology of Endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Symons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maksym, R.B., Hoffmann-M\u0142odzianowska, M., Skibi\u0144ska, M., Rabijewski, M., Mackiewicz, A., and Kieda, C. (2021). Immunology and Immunotherapy of Endometriosis. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245879"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.109","article-title":"Endometriosis: Perspective, Lights, and Shadows of Etiology","volume":"106","author":"Asghari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.03.017","article-title":"The Link between Immunity, Autoimmunity and Endometriosis: A Literature Update","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102795","article-title":"Endometriosis and Autoimmunity: Can Autoantibodies Be Used as a Non-Invasive Early Diagnostic Tool?","volume":"20","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13095","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13095","article-title":"Evidence for an Association between Endometriosis, Fibromyalgia, and Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"81","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz014","article-title":"The Association between Endometriosis and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Shigesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94877-z","article-title":"Concomitant Autoimmunity May Be a Predictor of More Severe Stages of Endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"Vanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.09.001","article-title":"The Role of the B Lymphocytes in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"123","author":"Riccio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01931","article-title":"Sex Hormones Determine Immune Response","volume":"9","author":"Taneja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der410","article-title":"Identification and Validation of Novel Serum Markers for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis","volume":"27","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116657190","article-title":"Panel of Autoimmune Markers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Minimal-Mild Endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128301","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1128301","article-title":"Immunotherapy: A Promising Novel Endometriosis Therapy","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.17116\/repro201521282-87","article-title":"Formation of Adhesions in Endometriosis and Ways to Prevent Them (Literature Review)","volume":"2","author":"Kononov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Probl. Reproduktsii (Russ. J. Hum. Reprod.)"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.08.036","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Deep Endometriosis","volume":"108","author":"Gordts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog1818.2015","article-title":"Decreased Bcl-6 and Increased Blimp-1 in the Peritoneal Cavity of Patients with Endometriosis","volume":"42","author":"Yeol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703451104","article-title":"Human Endometriosis Is Associated with Plasma Cells and Overexpression of B Lymphocyte Stimulator","volume":"104","author":"Hever","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac027","article-title":"BCL6, a Key Oncogene, in the Placenta, Pre-Eclampsia and Endometriosis","volume":"28","author":"Louwen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60147-2","article-title":"Multiple Endometrial Antigens Are Targeted in Autoimmune Endometriosis","volume":"16","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des234","article-title":"Evaluation of a Panel of 28 Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis","volume":"27","author":"Vodolazkaia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease","volume":"19","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599117","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.599117","article-title":"Immunological Basis of the Endometriosis: The Complement System as a Potential Therapeutic Target","volume":"11","author":"Agostinis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4754-0","article-title":"The Role of Complement Components C1q, MBL and C1 Inhibitor in Pathogenesis of Endometriosis","volume":"297","author":"Sikora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00242","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Bulun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2826","article-title":"A New Isoform of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 Is Crucial for Pathogenic Progression of Endometriosis","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13156","article-title":"Progesterone Resistance in Endometriosis: Origins, Consequences and Interventions","volume":"96","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.2741\/4526","article-title":"Alpha-Enolase (ENO1), a Potential Target in Novel Immunotherapies","volume":"22","author":"Cappello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-018-0481-9","article-title":"Multifunctional Roles of Tropomodulin-3 in Regulating Actin Dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Parreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-019-09514-0","article-title":"Actin-Tropomyosin Distribution in Non-Muscle Cells","volume":"41","author":"Manstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-019-9235-3","article-title":"Discovery of Non-Invasive Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis","volume":"16","author":"Irungu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00373.x","article-title":"Hormone Allergy","volume":"55","author":"Roby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-014-2658-y","article-title":"Spectrum of Antibodies to Reproductive Hormones in Threatened Abortion","volume":"157","author":"Menzhinskaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200900055","article-title":"Identification of Anti-\u03b1-Enolase Autoantibody as a Novel Serum Marker of Endometriosis","volume":"3","author":"Nabeta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteom. Clin. Appl."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15578\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:11:42Z","timestamp":1760130702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242115578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115578","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]}}}