{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1783423501402,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K16033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K16033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has shown promising dental applications. Surface treatment is essential for dental applications owing to its poor surface energy and wettability; however, no consensus on an effective treatment method has been achieved. In this study, we attempted to carboxylate PEEK sample surfaces via Friedel\u2013Crafts acylation using succinic anhydride and AlBr3. The possibility of further chemical modifications using carboxyl groups was examined. The samples were subjected to dehydration\u2013condensation reactions with 1H,1H-pentadecafluorooctylamine and N,N\u2019-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Furthermore, the sample\u2019s surface properties at each reaction stage were evaluated. An absorption band in the 3300\u20133500 cm\u22121 wavenumber region was observed. Additionally, peak suggestive of COOH was observed in the sample spectra. Secondary modification diminished the absorption band in 3300\u20133500 cm\u22121 and a clear F1s signal was observed. Thus, Friedel\u2013Crafts acylation with succinic anhydride produced carboxyl groups on the PEEK sample surfaces. Further chemical modification of the carboxyl groups by dehydration-condensation reactions is also possible. Thus, a series of reactions can be employed to impart desired chemical structures to PEEK surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T03:33:51Z","timestamp":1698377631000},"page":"15651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel Carboxylation Method for Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Surface Modification Using Friedel\u2013Crafts Acylation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xinghui","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuhei","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Creative and Integrated Medicine, Advanced Medicine Research Center, Translational Research Institute for Medical Innovation (TRIMI), Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7934-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susumu","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Creative and Integrated Medicine, Advanced Medicine Research Center, Translational Research Institute for Medical Innovation (TRIMI), Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biomaterial, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2015.10.001","article-title":"Applications of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics","volume":"60","author":"Najeeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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Biorefining"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15651\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:12:44Z","timestamp":1760130764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242115651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]}}}