{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:24:46Z","timestamp":1791779086612,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz","award":["ZES.WL.8.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZES.WL.8.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>H. pylori gastritis is strongly associated with the upregulation of the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the gastric mucosa. However, the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases -TIMPs) produced by immune cells in infected children have not been clearly defined. Moreover, the effects of H. pylori eradication therapy on MMPs and TIMPs production has not been evaluated. A total of 84 children were studied: 24\u2014with newly diagnosed H. pylori gastritis, 25\u2014after H. pylori eradication therapy (17 of them after successful therapy), 24\u2014with H. pylori-negative gastritis, and 11\u2014controls. Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 by ELISA; MMPs and TIMPs expression in lymphocytes; neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood by multiparameter flow cytometry; and mucosal mRNA expression levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 in gastric biopsies by RT-PCR were evaluated. Children with H. pylori-related gastritis showed the following: (1) increased MMP-2 and TIMP-2 plasma levels, (2) increased intracellular expression of MMP-2 in the circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils, (3) low frequencies of circulating TIMP-1+ and TIMP-2+ leukocytes, and (4) high expression of mRNA for MMP-9 along with low expression of mRNA for MMP-2 in the gastric mucosa. Unsuccessful H. pylori eradication was associated with the following: (1) high plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, (2) increased pool of TIMP-1+ lymphocytes as well as high expression of MMP-9 in circulating lymphocytes, and (3) high expression of mRNA for MMP-9 in the gastric mucosa. Our data suggest that MMPs are important contributors to stomach remodelling in children with H. pylori-related gastritis. Unsuccessful H. pylori eradication is associated with increased MMP-9 in plasma, circulating lymphocytes, and gastric mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1698399772000},"page":"15660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Circulating Immune Cells in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection\u2014Correlation with Clinical Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Helmin-Basa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Kubiszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wiese-Szadkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Strzy\u017cewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Skalska-Buga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Balcerowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rasmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine Cell and Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Balcerczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine Cell and Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pokrywczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine Cell and Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Micha\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Krogulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6430-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"G\u0142\u00f3wczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Szaflarska-Pop\u0142awska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Function Testing, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Jagiellonska 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato, S., Gold, B.D., and Kato, A. (2022). Helicobacter pylori-Associated Iron Deficiency Anemia in Childhood and Adolescence-Pathogenesis and Clinical Management Strategy. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247351"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marginean, C.M., Cioboata, R., Olteanu, M., Vasile, C.M., Popescu, M., Popescu, A.I.S., Bondari, S., Pirscoveanu, D., Marginean, I.C., and Iacob, G.A. (2022). The Importance of Accurate Early Diagnosis and Eradication in Helicobacter pylori Infection: Pictorial Summary Review in Children and Adults. 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