{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:15:03Z","timestamp":1790190903968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The landscape of therapeutic measures to treat multiple myeloma has undergone a seismic shift since the dawn of the current century. This has been driven largely by the introduction of new classes of small molecules, such as proteasome blockers (e.g., bortezomib) and immunomodulators (e.g., lenalidomide), as well as by immunotherapeutic agents starting with the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab in 2015. Recently, other immunotherapies have been added to the armamentarium of drugs available to fight this malignancy. These include the bispecifics teclistamab, talquetamab, and elranatamab, and the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel). While the accumulated benefits of these newer agents have resulted in a more than doubling of the disease\u2019s five-year survival rate to nearly 60% and improved quality of life, the disease remains incurable, as patients become refractory to the drugs and experience relapse. This review covers the current scope of antimyeloma immunotherapeutic agents, both those in clinical use and in development. Included in the discussion are additional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody\u2013drug conjugates (ADCs), bi- and multitargeted mAbs, and CAR T-cells and emerging natural killer (NK) cells, including products intended for \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d (allogeneic) applications. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of each along with the challenges that need to be surmounted if MM is to be cured.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1698400596000},"page":"15674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma: Current Status as Prologue to the Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanley N.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00135-5","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"397","author":"Pawlyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padala, S.A., Barsouk, A., Barsouk, A., Rawla, P., Vakiti, A., Kolhe, R., Kota, V., and Ajebo, G.H. (2021). Epidemiology, staging, and management of multiple myeloma. Med. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci9010003"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21718","article-title":"Cancer statistics for African American\/Black People 2022","volume":"72","author":"Giaquinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0002","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Multiple myeloma, version 3.2022","volume":"20","author":"Callander","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096852","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1096852","article-title":"Experts\u2019 consensus on the definition and management of high risk multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Marcon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-194241","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: A prospective study","volume":"113","author":"Landgren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709974","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","volume":"378","author":"Kyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2021.1875815","article-title":"Smoldering multiple myeloma 40 years later: A story of unintended disease","volume":"14","author":"Yavorkovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961805","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.961805","article-title":"Clinical cancer immunotherapy: Current progress and prospects","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo3958","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo3958","article-title":"Translating the evolving molecular landscape of tumors to biomarkers of response for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-022-04917-5","article-title":"Anti-CD38 antibody therapy for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Differential mechanisms of action and recent clinical trial outcomes","volume":"101","author":"Leleu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18654","article-title":"Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of the efficacy of novel therapies","volume":"200","author":"Minakata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1987_21","article-title":"Role of daratumumab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patient: A meta-analysis and literature to review","volume":"11","author":"Tauseef","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e589","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac067","article-title":"Daratumumab improves depth of response and progression-free survival in transplant-ineligible, high-risk, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"27","author":"Jakubowiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3041","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of randomized trials in multiple myeloma: Efficacy and safety in frontline therapy for patients not eligible for transplant","volume":"40","author":"Botta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S405","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)01589-0","article-title":"Addition of daratumumab to drug regimens in the treatment of multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Aiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221103551","article-title":"Switching to daratumumab SC from IV is safe and preferred by patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"29","author":"Mateos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.18.00143","article-title":"Managing infusion reactions to new monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma: Daratumumab and elotuzumab","volume":"14","author":"Nooka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13069","article-title":"Resolving the daratumumab interference with blood compatibility testing","volume":"55","author":"Chapuy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0695","article-title":"SAR650984, a novel humanized CD38-targeting antibody, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in models of multiple myeloma and other CD38+ hematologic malignancies","volume":"20","author":"Deckert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01311-1","article-title":"Isatuximab: First approval","volume":"80","author":"Dhillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32556-5","article-title":"Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (ICARIA-MM): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"394","author":"Attal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00592-4","article-title":"Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (IKEMA): A multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Moreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00797-8","article-title":"Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: Updated results from IKEMA, a randomized phase 3 study","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)00597-3","article-title":"Subcutaneous isatuximab administration by an on-body delivery system in combination with pomalidomide-dexamethasone in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma patients: Interim phase 1b study results","volume":"22","author":"Quach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-166840","article-title":"Subcutaneous isatuximab administration by an on-body delivery system (OBDS) in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Phase 1b expansion study results","volume":"140","author":"Quach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8025","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8025","article-title":"Subcutaneous (SC) isatuximab administration by an on-body delivery system (OBDS) in combination with pomalidomide-dexamethasone (Pd) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Interim phase 1b study results","volume":"40","author":"Quach","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy133","article-title":"Therapeutic antibodies for multiple myeloma","volume":"48","author":"Ishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-1088","article-title":"Elotuzumab in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Grosicki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620716657993","article-title":"Treatment of multiple myeloma with the immunostimulatory SLAMF7 antibody elotuzumab","volume":"7","author":"Einsele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505654","article-title":"Elotuzumab therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"373","author":"Lonial","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3031","article-title":"Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Extended 3-year follow-up of a multicenter, retrospective clinical experience with 319 cases outside of controlled clinical trials","volume":"40","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00357-4","article-title":"Elotuzumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in RRMM: Final overall survival results from the phase 3 randomized ELOQUENT-2 study","volume":"10","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26527","article-title":"The extended 4-year follow-up results of the ELOQUENT-2 trial","volume":"10","author":"Gavriatopoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02815","article-title":"Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Final overall survival analysis from the randomized phase II ELOQUENT-3 trial","volume":"41","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-694604","article-title":"Randomized phase 2 study: Elotuzumab plus bortezomib\/dexamethasone vs bortezomib\/dexamethasone for relapsed\/refractory MM","volume":"127","author":"Jakubowiak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-138447","article-title":"Carfilzomib, elotuzumab and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory myeloma patients","volume":"136","author":"Silvennoinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-020-02942-6","article-title":"Toward further simplification of elotuzumab therapy by subcutaneous administration","volume":"112","author":"Shimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00876-4","article-title":"How to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2018.1466767","article-title":"The \u201cless-is-more\u201d in therapeutic antibodies: Afucosylated anti-cancer antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheyi, R., de la Torre, B.G., and Albericio, F. (2022). Linkers: An assurance for controlled delivery of antibody-drug conjugate. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020396"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-015-1657-7","article-title":"Current ADC linker chemistry","volume":"32","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"9","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting B cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01697-0","article-title":"BCMA-targeted biologic therapies: The next standard of care in multiple myeloma therapy","volume":"82","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6528","article-title":"Characteristics of BAFF and APRIL factor expression in multiple myeloma and clinical significance","volume":"14","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14483","article-title":"Phase 2 study of tabalumab, a human anti-B-cell activating factor antibody, with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma","volume":"176","author":"Raje","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605241","article-title":"Atacicept in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma or active Waldenstrom\u2019s macroglobulinemia: A phase I study","volume":"101","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seipel, K., Porret, N., Wiedemann, G., Jeker, B., Bacher, V.U., and Pabst, T. (2022). sBCMA plasma level dynamics and anti-BCMA CAR-T-cell treatment in relapsed multiple myeloma. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 44.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44040098"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7333","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8333","article-title":"Gamma-secretase directly sheds the survival receptor BCMA from plasma cells","volume":"6","author":"Laurent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8019","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8019","article-title":"Synergistic effects of low-dose belantamab mafodotin in combination with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (nirogacestat) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): DREAMM-5 study","volume":"40","author":"Lonial","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0618","article-title":"FDA approval summary: Belantamab mafodotin for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Baines","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01404-x","article-title":"Belantamab mafodotin: First approval","volume":"80","author":"Markham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30788-0","article-title":"Belantamab mafodotin for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): A two-arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study","volume":"21","author":"Lonial","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2023, August 11). GSK [Press Release]. London, U.K. (22 November 2022): GSK Provides an Update on Blenrep (Belantamab Mafodotin-Blmf) US Marketing Authorization. Available online: https:\/\/www.gsk.com\/en-gb\/media\/press-releases\/gsk-provides-update-on-blenrep-us-marketing-authorisation\/#:~:text=22%20November%202022-,GSK%20provides%20an%20update%20on%20Blenrep,mafodotin%2Dblmf%20US%20marketing%20authorisation&text=GSK%20plc%20(LSE%2FNYSE%3A,and%20Drug%20Administration%20(FDA)."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30576-X","article-title":"Targeting B-cell maturation antigen with GSK2857916 antibody-drug conjugate in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (BMA117159): A dose escalation and expansion phase 1 trial","volume":"19","author":"Trudel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-164877","article-title":"Single-agent belantamab mafodotin in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Final analysis of the DREAMM-2 trial","volume":"140","author":"Nooka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33809","article-title":"Longer term outcomes with single-agent belantamab mafodotin in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: 13-month follow-up from the pivotal DREAMM-2 study","volume":"127","author":"Lonial","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"97","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of single-agent belantamab mafodotin (Belamaf; GSK2857916) in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Pooled data from DREAMM-1 and DREAMM-2","volume":"43","author":"Kortum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-129893","article-title":"DREAMM-3: A phase 3, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin (GSK2857916) monotherapy compared with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (pom\/dex) in participants with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"134","author":"Weisel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8018","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8018","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of belantamab mafodotin with pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): DREAMM-4 Study","volume":"40","author":"Suvannasankha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"204","article-title":"DREAMM-5 platform trial: Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916; belamaf; BLENREP) in combination with five different novel agents in patients (Pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"44","author":"Weisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S156","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(21)02339-9","article-title":"DREAMM-5 platform trial: Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf; GSK2857916) in combination with five different novel agents in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"21","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S423","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)01625-1","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of belantamab mafodotin with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): DREAMM-6 Arm-A interim analysis","volume":"22","author":"Quach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139332","article-title":"DREAMM-6: Safety, tolerability and clinical activity of belantamab mafodotin (Belamaf) in combination with bortezomib\/dexamethasone (BorDex) in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"136","author":"Popat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8502","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.8502","article-title":"DREAMM-6: Safety and tolerability of belantamab mafodotin in combination with bortezomib\/dexamethasone in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"38","author":"Nooka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"172","article-title":"DREAMM-7: A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"193","author":"Rifkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139181","article-title":"DREAMM-7: A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin (Belamaf) with bortezomib, and dexamethasone (B-Vd) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"136","author":"Rifkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139785","article-title":"DREAMM-8: A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (B-Pd) vs pomalidomide plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (PVd) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"136","author":"Trudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"177","article-title":"DREAMM-8: A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin with pomalidomide and dexamethasone vs pomalidomide plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"193","author":"Trudel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"145","article-title":"DREAMM-9: Phase I study of belantamab mafodotin with standard of care in non-transplant-eligible Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"45","author":"Raab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-153315","article-title":"DREAMM-9: Phase I study of belantamab mafodotin plus standard of care in patients with transplant ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Usmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8556","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.TPS8556","article-title":"DREAMM-9: Phase III study of belantamab mafodotin plus VRd versus VRd alone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TI NDMM)","volume":"38","author":"Usmani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8073","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS8073","article-title":"Exploring alternative dosing regimens of single-agent belantamab mafodotin on safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: DREAMM-14","volume":"40","author":"Hultcrantz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00280-8","article-title":"Corneal epithelial findings in patients with multiple myeloma treated with antibody-drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin in the pivotal, randomized, DREAMM-2 study","volume":"9","author":"Farooq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0064","article-title":"Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates in human clinical trials","volume":"31","author":"Eaton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabra, Y.C., Parot, A.A.O., Calduch, P., and Duch-Samper, A.M. (2022). Corneal epithelial microcysts as side effect of belantamab mafodotin: Management and evolution. Acta Ophthalmol., 100.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2022.0646"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E451","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26728","article-title":"Corneal toxicity with belantamab mafodotin: Multi-institutional real-life experience","volume":"97","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18298","article-title":"Impact of belantamab mafodotin-induced ocular toxicity on outcomes of patients with advanced multiple myeloma","volume":"199","author":"Abeykoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mencucci, R., Cennamo, M., Alonzo, L., Senni, C., Vagge, A., Ferro Desideri, L., Scorcia, V., and Giannaccare, G. (2022). Corneal findings associated to belantamab-mafodotin (Belamaf) use in a series of patients examined longitudinally by means of advanced corneal imaging. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102884"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2018.08.005","article-title":"Amanitins and their development as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates","volume":"30","author":"Pahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today Technol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7235","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168848","article-title":"HDP-101, an anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate with a novel payload amanitin in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, initial findings of the first in human study","volume":"140","author":"Kaufman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0834-9","article-title":"Phase 1 study of the anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate AMG 224 in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4763","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150783","article-title":"A phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of the safety and efficacy of anti-CD38 antibody drug conjugate (STI-6129) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)00341-X","article-title":"A randomized phase 2 study of modakafusp alfa (TAK-573) in patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with a pilot diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) strategy","volume":"22","author":"Kaufman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12621","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168960","article-title":"A phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation and expansion, multicenter study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of MT-0169 in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"140","author":"Dholaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(21)02352-1","article-title":"A first-in-human study of FOR46 in patients with triple refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e794","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00208-8","article-title":"Indatuximab ravtansine plus dexamethasone with lenalidomide or pomalidomide in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A multicentre, phase 1\/2a study","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6020","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2022-6020","article-title":"Preclinical activity of LM-305 targeting G-protein-coupled receptor class 5 member D (GPRC5D) antibody drug conjugate for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CT104","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2019-CT104","article-title":"A phase I open-label, safety, pharmacokinetic, and preliminary efficacy study of STRO-001, an anti-CD74 antibody drug conjugate, in patients with advanced B-cell malignancies","volume":"79","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS7586","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.TPS7586","article-title":"A phase 1 open-label, safety, pharmacokinetic, and preliminary efficacy study of STRO-001, an anti-CD74 antibody drug conjugate, in patients with advanced B-cell malignancies","volume":"36","author":"Krishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(61)90296-X","article-title":"Recombination of a mixture of univalent antibody fragments of different specificity","volume":"93","author":"Nisonoff","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3839","article-title":"Perforin and granzymes: Function, dysfunction and human pathology","volume":"15","author":"Voskoboinik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203478","article-title":"Teclistamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"387","author":"Moreau","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8013","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8013","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of teclistamab (tec), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) x CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after exposure to other BCMA-targeted agents","volume":"40","author":"Touzeau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"35","article-title":"Updated results from the phase 1\/2 MajesTEC-1 study of teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen x CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"197","author":"Popat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147915","article-title":"Updated results from MajesTEC-1: Phase 1\/2 study of teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen x CD3 bispecific antibody, in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Moreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162859","article-title":"Teclistamab population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationship support 1.5 mg\/kg dose regimen in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159711","article-title":"Teclistamab in combination with subcutaneous daratumumab and lenalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma: Results from one cohort of MajesTEC-2, a phase1b, multicohort study","volume":"140","author":"Searle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000936248.01150.e8","article-title":"Single cohort results from MajesTEC-2: Teclistamab (tec) in combination with subcutaneous daratumumab (dara) and lenalidomide","volume":"7","author":"Searle","year":"2023","journal-title":"HemeSphere"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS8072","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS8072","article-title":"MajesTEC-3: Randomized, phase 3 study of teclistamab plus daratumumab versus investigator\u2019s choice of daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone or daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"40","author":"Mateos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159756","article-title":"MajesTEC-4 (EMN30): A phase 3 trial of teclistamab plus lenalidomide versus lenalidomide alone as maintenance therapy following autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Zamagni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10148","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-160173","article-title":"MajesTEC-7: A phase 3, randomized study of teclistamab plus daratumumab plus lenalidomide (Tec-DR) versus daratumumab plus lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (DRd) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are either ineligible or not intended for autologous stem cell transplant","volume":"140","author":"Krishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8032","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8032","article-title":"A novel, immunotherapy-based approach for the treatment of relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated phase 1b results for daratumumab in combination with teclistamab (a BCMA x CD3 bispecific antibody)","volume":"40","author":"Reece","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-148723","article-title":"Subcutaneous teclistamab in combination with daratumumab for the treatment of patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Results from a phase 1b multicohort study","volume":"138","author":"Dholaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_107","unstructured":"(2023, August 19). U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Press Release]. Washington, D.C. (14 August 2023): FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to Elranatamab-Bcmm for Multiple Myeloma, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-elranatamab-bcmm-multiple-myeloma."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02528-9","article-title":"Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results","volume":"29","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-166494","article-title":"Elranatamab, a BCMA targeted T-cell engaging bispecific antibody, induces durable clinical and molecular responses for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Raje","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8014","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8014","article-title":"Elranatamab, a BCMA-targeted T-cell redirecting immunotherapy, for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Updated results from MagnetisMM-1","volume":"40","author":"Jakubowiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10172","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-166854","article-title":"Magnetismm-4: An open label, phase 1b\/2 umbrella study of elranatamab in combination with other anti-cancer treatments for patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Landgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162738","article-title":"Elranatamab in combination with daratumumab for patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Results from the phase 3 Magnetismm-5 study safety lead-in cohort","volume":"140","author":"Grosicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS8074","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS8074","article-title":"MagnetisMM-5: An open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 study of elranatamab as monotherapy and in combination with daratumumab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"40","author":"Grosicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)00347-0","article-title":"MagnetisMM-7: An open label, randomized, phase 3 study of elranatamab versus lenalidomide in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are minimal residual disease-positive after transplant","volume":"22","author":"Mateos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MR0718-269R","article-title":"Mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity","volume":"105","author":"Prager","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s44228-022-00023-5","article-title":"Phase I study of safety and pharmacokinetics of RO7297089, an anti-BCMA\/CD16a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"5","author":"Plesner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Hematol. Int."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-126818","article-title":"Safety and preliminary clinical activity of REGN5458, an anti-BCMA x anti-CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"134","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CT013","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-CT013","article-title":"Safety and efficacy from the phase 1\/2 first-in-human study of REGN5459, a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody with low CD3 affinity, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"83","author":"Suvannasankha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967714","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2021.1967714","article-title":"Ten years in the making: Application of CrossMab technology for the development of therapeutic bispecific antibodies and antibody fusion proteins","volume":"13","author":"Surowka","year":"2021","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157987","article-title":"Synergistic antitumor activity of alnuctamab (Alnuc; BMS-986349; CC-93269), a BCMA 2+1 T cell engager (TCE), and celmod agents in multiple myeloma (MM) preclinical models","volume":"140","author":"Paiva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-113921","article-title":"Preclinical and nonclinical characterization of HPN217: A tri-specific T cell activating construct (TriTAC) targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"132","author":"Law","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-167008","article-title":"A phase 1 first-in-human study of ABBV-383, a BCMA x CD3 bispecific T-cell-redirecting antibody, as monotherapy in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Voorhees","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01883-3","article-title":"Preclinical discovery and initial clinical data of WVT078, a BCMA x CD3 bispecific antibody","volume":"37","author":"Raab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7326","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157977","article-title":"Dose escalation and expansion of ABBV-383 in combination with anti-cancer regimens in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159009","article-title":"Alnuctamab (ALNUC; BMS-986349; CC-93269), a B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) x CD3 T-Cell Engager (TCE), in patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Results from a phase 1 first-in-human clinical study","volume":"140","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S406","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(22)01591-9","article-title":"Early, deep, and durable responses, and low rates of cytokine release syndrome with REGN5458, a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody, in a phase 1\/2 first-in-human study in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Zonder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159969","article-title":"Updated safety and efficacy of REGN5458, a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody, treatment for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: A phase 1\/2 first-in-human study","volume":"140","author":"Bumma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-144921","article-title":"Early, deep, and durable responses, and low rates of cytokine release syndrome with REGN5458, a BCMAxCD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody, in a phase 1\/2 first-in-human study in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"138","author":"Zonder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150757","article-title":"A phase 1 first-in-human study of TNB-383B, a BCMA x CD3 bispecific T-cell redirecting antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7284","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159665","article-title":"Updated interim results from a phase 1 study of HPN217, a half-life extended tri-specific T cell activating construct (TriTAC (R)) targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"140","author":"Abdallah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00735-4","article-title":"GPRC5D as a novel immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Nath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02679.x","article-title":"Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor 5D in the bone marrow is associated with poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Atamaniuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"(2023, August 11). U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Press Release]. Washington, D.C. (9 August 2023): FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to Talquetamab-Tgvs for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-talquetamab-tgvs-relapsed-or-refractory-multiple-myeloma."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162733","article-title":"MonumenTAL-3: Phase 3 trial of talquetamab plus daratumumab +\/\u2212 pomalidomide versus daratumumab plus pomalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma following > 1 prior line of therapy","volume":"140","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204591","article-title":"Talquetamab, a T-cell-redirecting GPRC5D bispecific antibody for multiple myeloma","volume":"387","author":"Chari","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8015","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of talquetamab, a G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D x CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated results from MonumenTAL-1","volume":"40","author":"Minnema","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-146868","article-title":"Updated phase 1 results from MonumenTAL-1: First-in-human study of talquetamab, a G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D x CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Krishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8008","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8008","article-title":"Updated results of a phase 1, first-in-human study of talquetamab, a G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) x CD3 bispecific antibody, in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (MM)","volume":"39","author":"Berdeja","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000843620.09412.35","article-title":"Talquetamab, a G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D x CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated phase 1 results from MONUMENTAL-1","volume":"6","author":"Minnema","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000843624.82943.92","article-title":"Novel combination immunotherapy for the treatment of relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Updated phase 1b results for talquetamab (a GPRC5D x CD3 bispecific antibody) in combination with daratumumab","volume":"6","author":"Bahlis","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000829564.55849.0d","article-title":"Subcutaneous talquetamab in combination with daratumumab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Phase 1b results","volume":"6","author":"Mateos","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157485","article-title":"RG6234: A novel 2:1 GPRC5D T cell bispecific antibody exhibits best in class potential for the treatment of multiple myeloma as a monotherapy and in combination","volume":"140","author":"Eckmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157988","article-title":"RG6234, a GPRC5DxCD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody, is highly active in patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated intravenous (IV) and first subcutaneous (SC) results from a phase I dose-escalation study","volume":"140","author":"Mazza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.001","article-title":"Membrane-proximal epitope facilitates efficient T cell synapse formation by anti-FcRH5\/CD3 and is a requirement for myeloma cell killing","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159381","article-title":"Pretreatment with tocilizumab prior to the CD3 bispecific cevostamab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) showed a marked reduction in cytokine release syndrome incidence and severity","volume":"140","author":"Trudel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS8070","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS8070","article-title":"CAMMA 3: A multicenter phase Ib trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of subcutaneous cevostamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"40","author":"Delimpasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147983","article-title":"Cevostamab monotherapy continues to show clinically meaningful activity and manageable safety in patients with heavily pre-treated relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated results from an ongoing phase 1 study","volume":"138","author":"Trudel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS8069","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS8069","article-title":"CAMMA 1: A multicenter phase Ib trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of cevostamab-containing regimens in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"40","author":"Vij","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"260","article-title":"Pre-clinical characterization of ISB 1342, a CD38xCD3 T-cell engager for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"142","author":"Pouleau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157525","article-title":"Initial results of dose escalation of ISB 1342, a novel CD3xCD38 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"140","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.272","article-title":"PSGL-1\/selectin and ICAM-1\/CD18 interactions are involved in macrophage-induced drug resistance in myeloma","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2022-5385","article-title":"Multiple modes of action of the CD38 x ICAM-1 bispecific antibody","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-145586","article-title":"ISB 1442, a first-in-class CD38 and CD47 bispecific antibody innate cell modulator for the treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Stefano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10182","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157585","article-title":"A phase 1\/2, first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation and dose-expansion study of single-agent ISB 1442 in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Sia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5641","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2020-5641","article-title":"CD28 expression on multiple myeloma cells enhances the cytotoxic activity of CD38\/CD28xCD3 trispecific T cell engager","volume":"80","author":"Henry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanam, R., Ashruf, O.S., Waqar, S.H.B., Shah, Z., Batool, S., Mehreen, R., Pachika, P., Roksana, Z., Rehman, M.E.U., and Anwer, F. (2023). The role of bispecific antibodies in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review. Antibodies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antib12020038"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, H.K.C., Wang, B., Tan, H.X., Sarwar, M.A., Baraka, B., Shafiq, T., and Rao, A.R. (2023). CAR T-cell therapy for cancer: Latest updates and challenges, with a focus on B-lymphoid malignancies and selected solid tumours. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121586"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Liu, X., Chang, C.Y., Wang, H.Y., and Wang, R.F. (2023). The interplay between T cells and cancer: The basis of immunotherapy. Genes., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14051008"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00910-5","article-title":"Recent advances in CAR-T cell engineering","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120505","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120505","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cells with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Garfall","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","article-title":"Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): A single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial","volume":"20","author":"Locke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7505","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.7505","article-title":"Updated safety and long term clinical outcomes in TRANSCEND NHL 001, pivotal trial of lisocabtagene maraleucel (JCAR017) in R\/R aggressive NHL","volume":"36","author":"Abramson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Neelapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00607-3","article-title":"Preparing for CAR T cell therapy: Patient selection, bridging therapies and lymphodepletion","volume":"19","author":"Amini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_166","unstructured":"(2023, August 22). U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Press Release]. Washington, D.C. (26 March 2021): FDA Approves Idecabtagene Vicleucel for Multiple Myeloma, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-approves-idecabtagene-vicleucel-multiple-myeloma."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","article-title":"Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"384","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213614","article-title":"Ide-cel or standard regimens in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"388","author":"Ailawadhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","unstructured":"(2023, July 19). Bristol Myers Squibb [Press Release]. Princeton, NJ and Cambridge, MA. (17 April 2023): Regulatory Applications Accepted Across Three Regions Globally for Abecma for Earlier Use in Adults with Triple-Class Exposed Relapsed and\/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Available online: https:\/\/news.bms.com\/news\/details\/2023\/Regulatory-Applications-Accepted-Across-Three-Regions-Globally-for-Abecma-for-Earlier-Use-in-Adults-with-Triple-Class-Exposed-Relapsed-andor-Refractory-Multiple-Myeloma\/default.aspx."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): A phase 1b\/2 open-label study","volume":"398","author":"Berdeja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303379","article-title":"Cilta-cel or standard care in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"389","author":"Dhakal","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8025","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.8025","article-title":"CT103A, a novel fully human BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Updated results of phase 1b\/2 study (FUMANBA-1)","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150124","article-title":"Sustainable efficacy and safety results from Lummicar study 1: A phase 1\/2 study of fully human B-cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells (CT053) in Chinese subjects with relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2023.01.017","article-title":"State-of-the-Art updates and next questions | BCMA-directed CAR T-Cells: Early results and future directions","volume":"23","author":"Biltibo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-146246","article-title":"Preservation of T-cell stemness with a novel expansionless CAR-T manufacturing process, which reduces manufacturing time to less than two days, drives enhanced CAR-T cell efficacy","volume":"138","author":"Engels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005145","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005145","article-title":"Phase 1 study of C-CAR088, a novel humanized anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.04.010","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptors incorporating D domains targeting CD123 direct potent mono- and bi-specific antitumor activity of T cells","volume":"27","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.281628","article-title":"Development and manufacture of novel locally produced anti-BCMA CAR T cells for the treatment of relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Results from a phase I clinical trial","volume":"108","author":"Asherie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.282053","article-title":"Driving CARs to new places: Locally produced BCMA CAR T cells to treat multiple myeloma","volume":"108","author":"Sadelain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7441","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162615","article-title":"KarMMa-2 cohort 2c: Efficacy and safety of idecabtagene vicleucel in patients with clinical high-risk multiple myeloma due to inadequate response to frontline autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"140","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162469","article-title":"KarMMa-2 cohort 2a: Efficacy and safety of idecabtagene vicleucel in clinical high-risk multiple myeloma patients with early relapse after frontline autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"140","author":"Usmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_182","first-page":"143","article-title":"Comparison of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) with the current standard of care in triple-exposed multiple myeloma: Adjusted comparison of patient-reported outcomes from CARTITUDE-1 and LOCOMMOTION","volume":"45","author":"Weisel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8028","article-title":"Phase 1b\/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): Two years post-LPI","volume":"40","author":"Usmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.312","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in CARTITUDE-1 versus physician\u2019s choice of therapy in the Flatiron Health multiple myeloma cohort registry for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"118","article-title":"CARTITUDE-2 cohort B: Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy directed against B-cell maturation antigen, in patients with multiple myeloma and early relapse after initial treatment","volume":"197","author":"Delforge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8029","article-title":"Biological correlative analyses and updated clinical data of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and early relapse after initial therapy: CARTITUDE-2, cohort B","volume":"40","author":"Agha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7536","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159169","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and early relapse after initial therapy: CARTITUDE-2 cohort B 18-month follow-up","volume":"140","author":"Agha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"122","article-title":"Randomised, phase 3 study of bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by ciltacabtagene autoleucel versus bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by lenalidomide and dexamethasone maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma not intended for transplant: CARTITUDE-5","volume":"197","author":"Dytfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157021","article-title":"DVRd followed by ciltacabtagene autoleucel versus DVRd followed by ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are transplant eligible: A randomized phase 3 study (EMagine\/CARTITUDE-6)","volume":"140","author":"Boccadoro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7542","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159185","article-title":"Phase 2, open-label study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, an anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy, in Chinese patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (CARTIFAN-1): 26-month median follow-up","volume":"140","author":"Mi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01301-8","article-title":"Four-year follow-up of LCAR-B38M in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study in China (LEGEND-2)","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168610","article-title":"Phase II study of fully human BCMA-Targeting CAR-T cells (zevorcabtagene autoleucel) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139802","article-title":"Results from LUMMICAR-2: A phase 1b\/2 study of fully human B-cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells (CT053) in patients with relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"136","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8004","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.8004","article-title":"Updated phase I study results of PHE885, a T-Charge manufactured BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy, for patients (pts) with r\/r multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"41","author":"Sperling","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_195","unstructured":"(2023, September 04). Arcelix, Inc. [Press Release]. Redwood, CA (14 August 2023): Arcellx Announces Partial Clinical Hold Lifted on IMMagine-1 Phase 2 Clinical Program and Reports Second Quarter Financial Results. Available online: https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/arcellx-announces-partial-clinical-hold-lifted-on-immagine-1-phase-2-clinical-program-and-reports-second-quarter-financial-results-301900055.html."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-160038","article-title":"Results from the first phase 1 clinical study of the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) Nex T chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy CC-98633\/BMS-986354 in patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"140","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, J., Fu, W.-J., Jiang, H., Dong, B., Gao, L., Liu, L., Ge, J., He, A., Li, L., and Lu, J. (2023). Updated results of a phase I, open-label study of BCMA\/CD19 dual-targeting fast CAR-T GC012F for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). J. Clin. Oncol., 41.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.8005"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162295","article-title":"Phase I open-label single-arm study of BCMA\/CD19 dual-targeting FasTCAR-T cells (GC012F) as first-line therapy for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8005","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8005","article-title":"Updated results of a multicenter first-in-human study of BCMA\/CD19 dual-targeting fast CAR-T GC012F for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"40","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00385-4","article-title":"GPRC5D-targeting chimeric antigen receptors: A new treatment for multiple myeloma?","volume":"10","author":"Gagelmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209900","article-title":"GPRC5D-targeted CAR T cells for myeloma","volume":"387","author":"Mailankody","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-162395","article-title":"Clinical activity of BMS-986393 (CC-95266), a G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed and\/or refractory (R\/R) multiple myeloma (MM): First results from a phase 1, multicenter, open-label study","volume":"140","author":"Bal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00372-6","article-title":"GPRC5D CAR T cells (OriCAR-017) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (POLARIS): A first-in-human, single-centre, single-arm, phase 1 trial","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167666","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1167666","article-title":"The application of autologous cancer immunotherapies in the age of memory-NK cells","volume":"14","author":"Dixon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.32","article-title":"TALEN-mediated genetic tailoring as a tool to analyze the function of acquired mutations in multiple myeloma cells","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02182-7","article-title":"Allogeneic BCMA-targeting CAR T cells in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Phase 1 UNIVERSAL trial interim results","volume":"29","author":"Mailankody","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28599-0","article-title":"Understanding the indirect DNA read-out specificity of I-CreI meganuclease","volume":"8","author":"Prieto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS8063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.TPS8063","article-title":"A first-in-human phase 1, multicenter, open-label study of CB-011, a next-generation CRISPR-genome edited allogeneic anti-BCMA immune-cloaked CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (CaMMouflage trial)","volume":"41","author":"Berdeja","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-141477","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of ALLO-605, an allogeneic BCMA Turbocar T (TM) cell therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"136","author":"Sommer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_210","first-page":"382","article-title":"P-BCMA-ALLO1-a fully allogeneic stem cell memory T cell (T-SCM) CAR-T therapy targeting BCMA for the treatment of multiple myeloma shows potent anti-tumor activity","volume":"29","author":"Richter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.10.008","article-title":"Development of CAR T cells expressing a suicide gene plus a chimeric antigen receptor targeting signaling lymphocytic-activation molecule F7","volume":"29","author":"Amatya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-142695","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 study of the safety and response of P-BCMA-101 CAR-T cells in patients with relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) multiple myeloma (MM) (PRIME) with novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"136","author":"Costello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-151672","article-title":"Clinical trials of BCMA-targeted CAR-T Cells utilizing a novel non-viral transposon system","volume":"138","author":"Costello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157950","article-title":"Preclinical activity of allogeneic CS1-specific CAR T-Cells (UCARTCS1) in multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Korst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159289","article-title":"Allogeneic CAR-NK cell therapy targeting both BCMA and GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10327","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-166728","article-title":"A phase I study of FT538, an off-the-shelf, multiplexed-engineered, iPSC-derived NK cell therapy in combination with daratumumab in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Juckett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544754","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.544754","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CAR-modified T cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-01001-1","article-title":"Safety and clinical efficacy of BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Roex","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020004017","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 950 patients","volume":"5","author":"Mohyuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.46811","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CAR-T therapy for relapse or refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1970218","article-title":"Comprehensive meta-analysis of anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-22-344","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic-review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-121967","article-title":"B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Gagelmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"130","article-title":"Outcomes of anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Gagelmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13380","article-title":"B cell maturation antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Gagelmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149138","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1149138","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042921-112837","article-title":"Cytokine storm syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Cron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","article-title":"ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0028","article-title":"FDA approval summary: Tocilizumab for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10036","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-169836","article-title":"A systematic meta-analysis of cytokine release syndrome incidence in B-cell maturation antigen-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies for patients with relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"140","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101070","article-title":"Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs","volume":"14","author":"Moghanloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1057-4","article-title":"Next generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells: Safety strategies to overcome toxicity","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2008.001677","article-title":"Retroviral transfer of human CD20 as a suicide gene for adoptive T-cell therapy","volume":"94","author":"Griffioen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127608","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CAR-T therapy with safety switch targeting BCMA for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma in a phase 1 clinical study","volume":"134","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106152","article-title":"Inducible apoptosis as a safety switch for adoptive cell therapy","volume":"365","author":"Tey","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Tang, L., Kong, Y., Liu, W., Zhu, X., and You, Y. (2023). Strategies for reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in hematological malignancies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119115"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaddepally, R.K., Kharel, P., Pandey, R., Garje, R., and Chandra, A.B. (2020). Review of indications of FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors per NCCN guidelines with the level of evidence. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030738"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167346","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167346","article-title":"Revisiting checkpoint inhibitors for myeloma: Maintenance after stem cell transplant","volume":"133","author":"Meermeier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2020.12.026","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of consolidation therapy with ipilimumab plus nivolumab after autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Skarbnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Cell Ther."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e448","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30109-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for patients with treatment-naive multiple myeloma (KEYNOTE-185): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"6","author":"Usmani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e460","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30110-3","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (KEYNOTE-183): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"6","author":"Mateos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_243","unstructured":"(2023, August 10). U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Press Release]. Washington, D.C. (20 September 2017): FDA Alerts Healthcare Professionals and Oncology Clinical Investigators about Two Clinical Trials on Hold Evaluating KEYTRUDA\u00ae (Pembrolizumab) in Patients with Multiple Myeloma, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-alerts-healthcare-professionals-and-oncology-clinical-investigators-about-two-clinical-trials."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.9789","article-title":"Nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancy: Preliminary results of a phase 1b study","volume":"34","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.10.006","article-title":"Cobimetinib alone and plus venetoclax with\/without atezolizumab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Schjesvold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10254","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5753","article-title":"Isatuximab in combination with cemiplimab in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: A phase 1\/2 study","volume":"12","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.013","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy targeting the CD47\/SIRP\u03b1 axis","volume":"76","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Muz, B., Alhallak, K., Markovic, M., Gurley, S., Wang, Z., Guenthner, N., Wasden, K., Fiala, M., and King, J. (2020). Targeting CD47 as a novel immunotherapy for multiple myeloma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020305"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-0975","article-title":"A phase II multi-arm study of magrolimab combinations in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139655","article-title":"AO-176, a highly differentiated clinical stage anti-CD47 antibody, exerts potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma as a single agent and in combination with approved therapeutics","volume":"136","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12651","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-170744","article-title":"Phase II study of pembrolizumab in multiple myeloma patients relapsing after or refractory to anti-BCMA CAR-T therapies","volume":"140","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E430","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26333","article-title":"Pembrolizumab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone post autologous transplant in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma","volume":"96","author":"Biran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(21)02205-9","article-title":"Multi-omic analysis of the tumor microenvironment reveals novel associations in a clinical trial of atezolizumab +\/\u2212 daratumumab for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-145903","article-title":"A phase 2 multi-arm study of magrolimab combinations in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbezanti, W.O., Challagundla, K.B., Jonnalagadda, S.C., Budak-Alpdogan, T., and Pandey, M.K. (2023). Past, present, and a glance into the future of multiple myeloma treatment. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030415"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojo, A.S., Araoye, M.O., Ali, A., and Sarma, R. (J. Cancer Surviv., 2023). The impact of current therapeutic options on the health-related quality of life of patients with relapse\/refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review of clinical studies, J. Cancer Surviv., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-023-01332-1"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-711903","article-title":"T cells expressing an anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor cause remissions of multiple myeloma","volume":"128","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126397","article-title":"B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma","volume":"129","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_259","first-page":"505","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART-BCMA) with cyclophosphamide conditioning for refractory multiple myeloma (MM)","volume":"130","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-117729","article-title":"Fully human BCMA targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells administered in a defined composition demonstrate potency at low doses in advanced stage high risk multiple myeloma","volume":"132","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1054-1","article-title":"CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape","volume":"568","author":"Hamieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-130901","article-title":"Systematic characterization of genes representing preferential molecular vulnerabilities for myeloma cells compared to other neoplasias\u2014Implications for the biology and therapeutic targeting of myeloma","volume":"134","author":"Simoes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01362","article-title":"Dual targeting to overcome current challenges in multiple myeloma CAR T-cell treatment","volume":"10","author":"Mutis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-20-0020","article-title":"Defining an optimal dual-targeted CAR T-cell therapy approach simultaneously targeting BCMA and GPRC5D to prevent BCMA escape-driven relapse in multiple myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Staehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau7746","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau7746","article-title":"GPRC5D is a target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma with rationally designed CAR T cells","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holthof, L.C., and Mutis, T. (2020). Challenges for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: Bone marrow microenvironment-mediated immune suppression and immune resistance. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040988"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2023.2209652","article-title":"Advances in minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma","volume":"60","author":"Wijnands","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.3.1196.bloodjournal8731196","article-title":"Graft-versus-myeloma effect: Proof of principle","volume":"87","author":"Tricot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00900-z","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-023-03602-1","article-title":"Maintenance therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"118","author":"Kawamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15674\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:13:05Z","timestamp":1760130785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"references-count":270,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242115674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]}}}