{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:37:30Z","timestamp":1760150250837,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C1084140-13","2019R1A2C1084140-14","F23YY8109033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1084140-13","2019R1A2C1084140-14","F23YY8109033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Complement component 3 (C3) deficiency has recently been known as a cause of constipation, without studies on the therapeutic efficacy. To evaluate the therapeutic agents against C3-deficiency-induced constipation, improvements in the constipation-related parameters and the associated molecular mechanisms were examined in FVB\/N-C3em1Hlee\/Korl knockout (C3 KO) mice treated with uridine (Urd) and the aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla L. (AEtLP) with laxative activity. The stool parameters and gastrointestinal (GI) transit were increased in Urd- and AEtLP-treated C3 KO mice compared with the vehicle (Veh)-treated C3 KO mice. Urd and AEtLP treatment improved the histological structure, junctional complexes of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), mucin secretion ability, and water retention capacity. Also, an improvement in the composition of neuronal cells, the regulation of excitatory function mediated via the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), and the regulation of the inhibitory function mediated via the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of Urd- and AEtLP-treated C3 KO mice. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that C3-deficiency-induced constipation can improve with treatment with Urd and AEtLP via the regulation of the mucin secretion ability, water retention capacity, and ENS function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T12:50:42Z","timestamp":1698670242000},"page":"15757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Complement C3-Deficiency-Induced Constipation in FVB\/N-C3em1Hlee\/Korl Knockout Mice Was Significantly Relieved by Uridine and Liriope platyphylla L. Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hee-Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute\/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute\/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Jeong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)\/Life and Industry Convergence 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Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungbaek","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute\/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Min","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute\/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of 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