{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:57:46Z","timestamp":1787065066855,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002619","name":"the Ajou University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M2021C046000085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2021C046000085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactoferrin (LF) is a potent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent found in cow and human colostrum which acts as an osteogenic growth factor. This study aimed to investigate whether LF-anchored tannylated mesoporous silica nanomaterials (TA-MSN-LF) function as a bone fusion material in a rat model. In this study, we created TA-MSN-LF and measured the effects of low (1 \u03bcg) and high (100 \u03bcg) TA-MSN-LF concentrations in a spinal fusion animal model. Rats were assigned to four groups in this study: defect, MSN, TA-MSN-LF-low (1 \u03bcg\/mL), and TA-MSN-LF-high (100 \u03bcg\/mL). Eight weeks after surgery, a greater amount of radiological fusion was identified in the TA-MSN-LF groups than in the other groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that new bone fusion was induced in the TA-MSN-LF groups. Additionally, osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its intensity was induced in the TA-MSN-LF groups. The formation of new vessels was induced in the TA-MSN-LF-high group. We also confirmed an increase in the serum osteocalcin level and the mRNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin in the TA-MSN-LF groups. TA-MSN-LF showed effective bone fusion and angiogenesis in rats. We suggest that TA-MSN-LF is a potent material for spinal bone fusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T12:50:42Z","timestamp":1698670242000},"page":"15782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lactoferrin-Anchored Tannylated Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials-Induced Bone Fusion in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sung Hyun","family":"Noh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanghyon","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Korea-daero, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Eun","family":"Byeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9445-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keung Nyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.021","article-title":"Challenges to Bone Formation in Spinal Fusion","volume":"44","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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