{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:11:01Z","timestamp":1778897461624,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"ANID\/CONICYT Chile","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1181453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1181453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"ANID\/CONICYT Chile","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21181741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21181741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"ANID\/CONICYT Chile","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDT21-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDT21-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ANID Chile","award":["1181453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1181453"]}]},{"name":"ANID Chile","award":["21181741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21181741"]}]},{"name":"ANID Chile","award":["PDT21-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDT21-0001"]}]},{"name":"Research Direction, Universidad de La Frontera, and Training Program for Postdoctoral Researchers, Universidad de La Frontera","award":["1181453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1181453"]}]},{"name":"Research Direction, Universidad de La Frontera, and Training Program for Postdoctoral Researchers, Universidad de La Frontera","award":["21181741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21181741"]}]},{"name":"Research Direction, Universidad de La Frontera, and Training Program for Postdoctoral Researchers, Universidad de La Frontera","award":["PDT21-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDT21-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oocyte activation via dual inhibition of protein synthesis and phosphorylation has improved in vitro embryo production in different mammalian species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the combination of cycloheximide (CHX), dimethyl amino purine (DMAP), and anisomycin (ANY) on the activation of bovine oocytes, particularly on dynamics of MPF and MAPKs, embryonic developmental potential, and quality. The results showed that the cleavage and blastocyst rates, as well as levels of CCNB1, CDK1, p-CDK1Thr161, and p-CDK1Thr14-Tyr15, were similar among groups; ANY and ANY + CHX reduced the expression of ERK1\/2 compared to DMAP-combinations (p &lt; 0.05), whereas ANY + DMAP, CHX + DMAP, and ANY + CHX + DMAP reduced p-ERK1\/2 compared to ANY and ANY + CHX treatments (p &lt; 0.05). The quality of blastocysts in terms of cell counts, their allocation, and the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells did not differ among groups. However, transcript levels of POU5F1 were higher in embryos derived from ANY + CHX + DMAP treatment compared to other groups, while expression levels of CDX2 did not show differences. In addition, the BCL2A1\/BAX ratio of the ANY + CHX + DMAP treatment was significantly low compared to the ANY treatment (p &lt; 0.05) and did not differ significantly from the other treatments. In conclusion, oocyte activation by dual inhibition of protein synthesis and phosphorylation induces MPF inactivation without degradation of CCNB1, while MAPK inactivation occurs differentially between these inhibitors. Thus, although the combined use of these inhibitors does not affect early developmental competence in vitro, it positively impacts the expression of transcripts associated with embryonic quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:16:27Z","timestamp":1698750987000},"page":"15794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combined Exogenous Activation of Bovine Oocytes: Effects on Maturation-Promoting Factor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, and Embryonic Competence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Aguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Felmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1993.1275","article-title":"Protein synthesis controls cyclin stability in metaphase I-arrested oocytes of Patella vulgata","volume":"208","author":"Colas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. 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