{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1768995957410,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cBasic research funds\u201d from Bologna University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that the TLDc [Tre2\/Bub2\/Cdc16 (TBC), lysin motif (LysM), domain catalytic] domain is a highly conserved motif present in proteins that are important players in the OS response and in neuroprotection. Human proteins sharing the TLDc domain include OXR1, TLDC1, NCOA7, TBC1D24, and C20ORF118. This study was aimed at understanding whether TLDc domain-containing mRNAs together with specific microRNAs (200b-3p and 32-5p) and long noncoding RNAs (TUG1), known to target TLDc proteins, contributed to regulate the OS response in ASD. Data showed a significant increase in the levels of OXR1 and TLDC1 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ASD children compared to their neurotypically developing (NTD) counterparts, along with an increase in TUG1 mRNA expression levels, suggesting its possible role in the regulation of TLDc proteins. A positive correlation between the expression of some TLDc mRNAs and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) global score as well as inflammatory gene expression was found. In conclusion, our data suggest a novel biological pathway in the OS response of ASD subjects that deserves further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:16:27Z","timestamp":1698750987000},"page":"15802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["TLDc Domain-Containing Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: New Players in the Oxidative Stress Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Zucchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Serpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"De Sanctis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ghezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grioni Center-Danelli Foundation, Largo Stefano ed Angela Danelli 1, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5024-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annio","family":"Posar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Facchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5242-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Provvidenza Maria","family":"Abruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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