{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T04:08:34Z","timestamp":1775621314077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aarhus University","award":["R01HD100729-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100729-01S1"]}]},{"name":"Aarhus University Hospital","award":["R01HD100729-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100729-01S1"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Graz","award":["R01HD100729-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100729-01S1"]}]},{"name":"ARCEDI Biotech","award":["R01HD100729-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100729-01S1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008013","name":"University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD100729-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100729-01S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinically, unique markers in fetal membrane cells may contribute to the search for biomarkers for preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM) in maternal blood. pPROM is associated with overwhelming inflammation and premature cellular senescence causing \u201cbiological microfractures\u201d of the fetal membranes. We hypothesize that these pathological processes are associated with the shedding of fetal membrane cells into the maternal circulation. The aim of this study was to identify markers expressed exclusively in fetal membrane cells to facilitate their isolation, characterization, and determination of biomarker potential in maternal blood. We have (1), by their transcriptomic profile, identified markers that are upregulated in amnion and chorion tissue compared to maternal white blood cells, and (2), by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the localization of the differentially expressed proteins in fetal membranes, placenta, and the placental bed of the uterus. RNA sequencing revealed 31 transcripts in the amnion and 42 transcripts in the chorion that were upregulated. Among these, 22 proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All but two transcripts were expressed both on mRNA and protein level in at least one fetal membrane cell type. Among these remaining 20 proteins, 9 proteins were not significantly expressed in the villous and extravillous trophoblasts of the placenta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:16:27Z","timestamp":1698750987000},"page":"15826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["mRNA and Protein Expression in Human Fetal Membrane Cells: Potential Biomarkers for Preterm Prelabor Rupture of the Fetal Membranes?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmeli","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Huppertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ripudaman","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCEDI Biotech Aps, Tabletvej 1, 7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Ravn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCEDI Biotech Aps, Tabletvej 1, 7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Hatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCEDI Biotech Aps, Tabletvej 1, 7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mogens","family":"Kruh\u00f8ffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioXpedia, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rheanna","family":"Urrabaz-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Uldbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9213-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5689-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Steiniche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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