{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:44Z","timestamp":1787028524519,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the changes in melatonin concentration under the influence of magnetic stimulation in men with low back pain. A total of 15 men were used in this study, divided into two groups. In Group 1, consisting of seven men, the M1P1 Viofor JPS program was used twice a day for 8 min, at 08:00 and 13:00. In Group 2, consisting of eight men, the M2P2 Viofor JPS program was used once a day for 12 min at 10:00. The application was subjected to the whole body of patients. The treatments in both groups lasted 3 weeks, for 5 days each week, with breaks on weekends. The diurnal melatonin profile was determined the day before exposure and the day after the last treatment, as well as at one-month follow-up. Blood samples were collected eight times a day. In both programs, magnetic stimulation did not reduce the nocturnal peak of melatonin concentration. After exposure, prolonged secretion of melatonin was observed until the morning hours. The impact of the magnetic field was maintained 1 month after the end of the application. The effect of the magnetic field was maintained for 1 month from the end of the application, which confirms the thesis about the occurrence of the phenomenon of biological hysteresis. The parameters of the magnetic fields, the application system, and the time and length of the application may affect the secretion of melatonin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T07:24:04Z","timestamp":1698823444000},"page":"15860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes in Melatonin Concentration in a Clinical Observation Study under the Influence of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetic Stimulation in Men with Low Back Pain)\u2014Results of Changes in an Eight-Point Circadian Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-2229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Wolda\u0144ska-Oko\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kubsik-Gidlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Koszela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroorthopedics and Neurology Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.353479","article-title":"Agomelatine: A potential novel approach for the treatment of memory disorder in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602425103","article-title":"The circadian basis of winter depression","volume":"103","author":"Lewy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.056","article-title":"Health consequences of electric lighting practices in the modern world: A report on the National Toxicology Program\u2019s workshop on shift work at night, artificial light at night, and circadian disruption","volume":"607\u2013608","author":"Lunn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsaa281","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa281","article-title":"Workshop report. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: Gaps and opportunities","volume":"44","author":"Duffy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1760368","article-title":"Melatonin Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder in Obese Children Affects the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01324-w","article-title":"Melatonin and Health: Insights of Melatonin Action, Biological Functions, and Associated Disorders","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S298512","article-title":"Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Various Type of Cancers","volume":"14","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Onco Targets. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.32794\/mr112500141","article-title":"Melatonin: An anticancer molecule in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A mechanistic review","volume":"6","author":"Heydari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Melatonin Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaworek, J., Leja-Szpak, A., Nawrot-Por\u0105bka, K., Szklarczyk, J., Kot, M., Pierzchalski, P., G\u00f3ralska, M., Ceranowicz, P., Warzecha, Z., and Dembinski, A. (2017). Effects of Melatonin and Its Analogues on Pancreatic Inflammation, Enzyme Secretion, and Tumorigenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051014"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.06.008","article-title":"Oncostatic activities of melatonin: Roles in cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy","volume":"202","author":"Targhazeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3672","article-title":"Melatonin: A smart molecule in the DNA repair system","volume":"40","author":"Mir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12272","article-title":"Membrane receptor-dependent Notch1\/Hes1 activation by melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: In vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12805","article-title":"Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID-19 in high-risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies","volume":"36","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulatory role of melatonin in Notch1 signaling pathway in cerebral cortex of A\u03b21-42-induced Alzheimer\u2019s disease rat model","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200136","article-title":"Role of melatonin receptor 1B gene polymorphism and its effect on the regulation of glucose transport in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"30","article-title":"The relationship between melatonin level and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy","volume":"4","author":"Mir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Baghdad J. Biochem. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00925-1","article-title":"Inhibiting nighttime melatonin and boosting cortisol increase patrolling monocytes, phagocytosis, and myelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Ghareghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14482","article-title":"Controlled-release oral melatonin supplementation for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20231","article-title":"Occupational magnetic field exposure and melatonin: Interaction with light-at-night","volume":"27","author":"Juutilainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00594.x","article-title":"Can disturbances in the atmospheric electric field created by powerline corona ions disrupt melatonin production in the pineal gland?","volume":"45","author":"Henshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00393.x","article-title":"Chronic exposure to 2.9 mT, 40 Hz magnetic field reduces melatonin concentrations in humans","volume":"25","author":"Karasek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2000.290203.x","article-title":"Chronic exposure to 25\u201380-microT, 200-Hz magnetic field does not influence serum melatonin concentrations in patients with low back pain","volume":"29","author":"Karasek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewczuk, B., Redlarski, G., Zak, A., Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska, N., Przybylska-Gornowicz, B., and Krawczuk, M. (2014). Influence of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields on the circadian system: Current stage of knowledge. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/169459"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00fcck, A., Reis, O., Wagner, H., Wunsch, K., H\u00e4\u00dfler, F., K\u00f6lch, M., Astiz, M., Thome, J., Berger, C., and Oster, H. (2022). Clock Genes Profiles as Diagnostic Tool in (Childhood) ADHD\u2014A Pilot Study. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091198"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Li, J., Wang, X., Liu, H., Wang, T., Lin, Z., and Xiong, N. (2023). Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Sleep Disorders Associated with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020396"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchekalarova, J., and Tzoneva, R. (2023). Oxidative Stress and Aging as Risk Factors for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Role of the Antioxidant Melatonin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24033022"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.195277","article-title":"Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: A possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Guerriero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo, Y.-M., and Joo, S.S. (2023). Melatonin Can Modulate Neurodegenerative Diseases by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032381"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1061","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001061","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of sleep-promoting pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Andersson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"5","article-title":"Analgesic action of magnetic fields of different characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Czernicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Bio Opt. Inform. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210609163946","article-title":"Melatonin: A Potential Shield against Electromagnetic Waves","volume":"20","author":"Jammoul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22218","article-title":"Melatonin Levels and Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Humans and Rats: New Insights from a Bayesian Logistic Regression","volume":"40","author":"McConway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1000146","article-title":"The Influence of Low Frequency Pulsating Magnetic Fields of Different Parameters on the Secretion of FSH, LH, Prolactin, Testosterone and Estradiol in Men","volume":"5","author":"Czernicki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Steroids Horm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12723","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12723","article-title":"Weekly, seasonal, and chronotype-dependent variation of dim-light melatonin onset","volume":"70","author":"Zerbini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolda\u0144ska-Oko\u0144ska, M., and Koszela, K. (2022). Chronic-Exposure Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetotherapy and Magnetic Stimulation) Influence Serum Serotonin Concentrations in Patients with Low Back Pain\u2014Clinical Observation Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159743"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12702","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12702","article-title":"Melatonin controversies, an update","volume":"70","author":"Boutin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664610","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.664610","article-title":"Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Corresponding Functional Brain Abnormalities in Young Female Nurses: A Preliminary Study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.29252\/nirp.bcn.9.3.167","article-title":"Effects of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on NMDA-Receptor Gene Expression and Visual Working Memory in Male Rhesus Macaques","volume":"9","author":"Kazemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12664","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12664","article-title":"Journal of Pineal Research guideline for authors: Measuring melatonin in humans","volume":"69","author":"Lockley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"92","article-title":"The influence of the low-frequency magnetic fields of different parameters on the secretion of cortisol in men","volume":"26","author":"Czernicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15860\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:15:28Z","timestamp":1760130928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242115860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}