{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:39:40Z","timestamp":1760150380880,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress has been associated with different diseases, and different medicinal plants have been used to treat or prevent this condition. The leaf ethanolic extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE) from Coccoloba alnifolia have previously been characterized to have antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we worked with EE and AE and two partition phases, AF (ethyl acetate) and BF (butanol), from AE extract. These extracts and partition phases did not display cytotoxicity. The EE and AE reduced NO production and ROS in all three concentrations tested. Furthermore, it was observed that EE and AE at 500 \u03bcg\/mL concentration were able to reduce phagocytic activity by 30 and 50%, respectively. A scratch assay using a fibroblast cell line (NHI\/3T3) showed that extracts and fractions induced cell migration with 60% wound recovery within 24 h, especially for BF. It was also observed that AF and BF had antioxidant potential in all the assays evaluated. In addition, copper chelation was observed. This activity was previously not detected in AE. The HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of phenolic compounds such as p-cumaric acid and vitexin for extracts, while the GNPS annotated the presence of isoorientin, vitexin, kanakugiol, and tryptamine in the BF partition phase. The data presented here demonstrated that the EE, AE, AF, and BF of C. alnifolia have potential immunomodulatory effects, antioxidant effects, as well as in vitro wound healing characteristics, which are important for dynamic inflammation process control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1698839503000},"page":"15885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Potential of Coccoloba alnifolia Leaf Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Luciana Fentanes Moura","family":"de Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Transformation and Microscopy Analysis (LPTAM), Cell Biology and Genetics Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduation School Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson da Silva","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institut of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo do Amarante 59291-727, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L\u00facia da Silva","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Transformation and Microscopy Analysis (LPTAM), Cell Biology and Genetics Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduation School Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5266-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Giuliani de Queiroz","family":"Aquino-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Transformation and Microscopy Analysis (LPTAM), Cell Biology and Genetics Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduation School Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariana Pereira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Transformation and Microscopy Analysis (LPTAM), Cell Biology and Genetics Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weslley de Souza","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Northeast Biotecnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elielson Rodrigo","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Laboratory, Botany Departament, Bioscience Institut, S\u00e3o Paulo University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9borah Yara A. Cursino","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Laboratory, Botany Departament, Bioscience Institut, S\u00e3o Paulo University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Alexandre Oliveira","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduation School Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia Castanho","family":"Scortecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Transformation and Microscopy Analysis (LPTAM), Cell Biology and Genetics Department, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduation School Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.006","article-title":"Inflammation 2010: New Adventures of an Old Flame","volume":"140","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.11.001","article-title":"Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation: Medicinal Plants as Anti-Inflammatory Agents","volume":"139","author":"Tasneem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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