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Defects in the DNA damage response pathways can give rise to various diseases, including cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) system is instrumental in safeguarding genomic stability. The accumulation of DNA damage and the weakening of DDR function both promote the initiation and progression of tumors. Simultaneously, they offer opportunities and targets for cancer therapeutics. This article primarily elucidates the DNA damage repair pathways and the progress made in targeting key proteins within these pathways for cancer treatment. Among them, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a crucial role in DDR, and inhibitors targeting PARP1 have garnered extensive attention in anticancer research. By delving into the realms of DNA damage and repair, we aspire to explore more precise and effective strategies for cancer therapy and to seek novel avenues for intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T09:16:21Z","timestamp":1698916581000},"page":"15907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Targeting the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8417-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-6181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoyao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/35077232","article-title":"Genome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer","volume":"411","author":"Hoeijmakers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2342","article-title":"DNA repair pathways as targets for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Helleday","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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