{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T09:38:30Z","timestamp":1779183510279,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","award":["2023NSFSC0714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0714"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","award":["2023ZHCG0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZHCG0066"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFS0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0010"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","award":["2021-I2M-1-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-042"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","award":["Q22009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q22009"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023NSFSC0714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0714"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023ZHCG0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZHCG0066"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2022YFS0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0010"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-042"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["Q22009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q22009"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2023NSFSC0714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0714"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2023ZHCG0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZHCG0066"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2022YFS0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0010"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2021-I2M-1-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-042"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Association","award":["Q22009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q22009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a first-line drug prepared from human plasma for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (AIDs), especially immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Significant differences exist in protein types and expression levels between male and female plasma, and the prevalence of autoimmune diseases varies between sexes. The present study seeks to explore potential variations in IVIG sourced from distinct sex-specific plasma (DSP-IVIG), including IVIG sourced from female plasma (F-IVIG), IVIG sourced from male plasma (M-IVIG), and IVIG sourced from a blend of male and female plasma (Mix-IVIG). To address this question, we used an ITP mouse model and a monocyte\u2013macrophage inflammation model treated with DSP IVIG. The analysis of proteomics in mice suggested that the pathogenesis and treatment of ITP may involve Fc\u03b3Rs mediated phagocytosis, apoptosis, Th17, cytokines, chemokines, and more. Key indicators, including the mouse spleen index, CD16+ macrophages, M1, M2, IL-6, IL-27, and IL-13, all indicated that the efficacy in improving ITP was highest for M-IVIG. Subsequent cell experiments revealed that M-IVIG exhibited a more potent ability to inhibit monocyte phagocytosis. It induced more necrotic M2 cells and fewer viable M2, resulting in weaker M2 phagocytosis. M-IVIG also demonstrated superiority in the downregulation of surface makers CD36, CD68, and CD16 on M1 macrophages, a weaker capacity to activate complement, and a stronger binding ability to Fc\u03b3Rs on the THP-1 surface. In summary, DSP-IVIG effectively mitigated inflammation in ITP mice and monocytes and macrophages. However, M-IVIG exhibited advantages in improving the spleen index, regulating the number and typing of M1 and M2 macrophages, and inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation compared to F-IVIG and Mix-IVIG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1699234629000},"page":"15993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Study on the Treatment of ITP Mice with IVIG Sourced from Distinct Sex-Special Plasma (DSP-IVIG)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5764-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongkui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengliang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangzhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-162503","article-title":"Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: Report from an international working group","volume":"113","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.01.015","article-title":"IgG-effector functions: \u201cThe good, the bad and the ugly\u201d","volume":"160","author":"Kapur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. 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