{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:40:51Z","timestamp":1791942051844,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-0604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AIRC-IG 21353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIRC-IG 21353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigenetic changes contribute to the profound alteration in the transcriptional program associated with the onset and progression of muscle wasting in several pathological conditions. Although HDACs and their inhibitors have been extensively studied in the field of muscular dystrophies, the potential of epigenetic inhibitors has only been marginally explored in other disorders associated with muscle atrophy, such as in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. BET inhibitors represent a novel class of recently developed epigenetic drugs that display beneficial effects in a variety of diseases beyond malignancies. Based on the preliminary in vitro and preclinical data, HDACs and BET proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia, modulating processes related to skeletal muscle mass maintenance and\/or metabolism. Thus, epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET proteins may emerge as promising strategies to reverse the catabolic phenotype associated with cachexia and sarcopenia. Further preclinical studies are warranted to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms associated with the functions of HDACs and BET proteins in muscle atrophy and to establish whether their epigenetic inhibitors represent a prospective therapeutic avenue to alleviate muscle wasting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T07:11:27Z","timestamp":1700118687000},"page":"16404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Targeting Epigenetic Regulators with HDAC and BET Inhibitors to Modulate Muscle Wasting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0924-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Nevi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"P\u00f6ll\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2774-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2322-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Caretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.11.021","article-title":"The Underappreciated Role of Low Muscle Mass in the Management of Malnutrition","volume":"20","author":"Deutz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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