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the coming decades despite the progress in pharmacotherapy, interventional cardiology, and surgery. Although patients surviving acute myocardial infarction live longer, alteration of heart function will later lead to HF. Its rising incidence represents a danger, especially among the elderly, with data showing more unfavorable results among females than among males. Experiments revealed an infarct-sparing effect of ischemic \u201cpreconditioning\u201d (IPC) as the most robust form of innate cardioprotection based on the heart\u2019s adaptation to moderate stress, increasing its resistance to severe insults. However, translation to clinical practice is limited by technical requirements and limited time. Novel forms of adaptive interventions, such as \u201cremote\u201d IPC, have already been applied in patients, albeit with different effectiveness. Cardiac ischemic tolerance can also be increased by other noninvasive approaches, such as adaptation to hypoxia- or exercise-induced preconditioning. Although their molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, some noninvasive modalities appear to be promising novel strategies for fighting HF through targeting its numerous mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of heart injury and repair, as well as interventions that have potential to be used in the treatment of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:30:50Z","timestamp":1700440250000},"page":"16497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is Intrinsic Cardioprotection a Laboratory Phenomenon or a Clinically Relevant Tool to Salvage the Failing Heart?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Ravingerova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Adameova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 10 Odboj\u00e1rov St., 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubomir","family":"Lonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Farkasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4326-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Ferko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Andelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"Kura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Slezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5395-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Galatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antigone","family":"Lazou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislava","family":"Zohdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 24 \u0160pitalska, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naranjan S.","family":"Dhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). 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