{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:46Z","timestamp":1787028526822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kitayama Labes Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tear film instability is a major cause of dry eye disease. In order to treat patients with short tear film breakup time (TBUT)-type dry eye, the development of tear film stabilizing agents is essential. However, the lack of an appropriate animal model of tear film instability has made drug development difficult. Although rabbit dry eye models have been reported in the past, there are only a few reports that focus on tear film instability. Herein, we assessed the tear film stability of a rabbit dry eye model induced by dacryoadenectomy. A clinical evaluation of the ocular surface, interferometry, and histological assessments of the cornea and conjunctiva were performed. Following the removal of the lacrimal glands, TBUT was shortened significantly, with dimple and random breakup patterns prominently observed. Furthermore, the blink rate in this model increased after dacryoadenectomy, suggesting that this model partially captured the phenotypes of human short TBUT-type dry eye and may be useful as an animal model for investigating potential drug candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:30:50Z","timestamp":1700440250000},"page":"16510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Comprehensive Assessment of Tear-Film-Oriented Diagnosis (TFOD) in a Dacryoadenectomy Dry Eye Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Saki","family":"Sakakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0896-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitayama Labes Co., Ltd., 3052-1 Arai, Ina City 396-0025, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitayama Labes Co., Ltd., 3052-1 Arai, Ina City 396-0025, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naofumi","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitayama Labes Co., Ltd., 3052-1 Arai, Ina City 396-0025, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunari","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Toshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Nagaoka 1129, Izunokuni City 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dogru","family":"Murat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0063, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeto","family":"Shimmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita 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