{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:04:03Z","timestamp":1787162643824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["D01-217\/30.11.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D01-217\/30.11.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the family Coronaviridae cause diseases in mammals, birds, and wildlife (bats), some of which may be transmissible to humans or specific to humans. In the human population, they can cause a wide range of diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. In the scientific databases, there are huge numbers of research articles about the antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal herbs and crops with different ethnobotanical backgrounds. The subject of our research is the antiviral effect of isolated saponins, a purified saponin mixture, and a methanol extract of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. In the studies conducted for the cytotoxic effect of the substances, CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50) and MTC (maximum tolerable concentration) were determined by the colorimetric method (MTT assay). The virus was cultured in the MDBK cell line. As a result of the experiments carried out on the influence of substances on viral replication (using MTT-based colorimetric assay for detection of human Coronavirus replication inhibition), it was found that the extract and the purified saponin mixture inhibited 100% viral replication. The calculated selective indices are about 13 and 18, respectively. The obtained results make them promising for a preparation with anti-Coronavirus action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T10:32:32Z","timestamp":1700476352000},"page":"16525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of a Total Extract and Saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos L. on Human Coronavirus Replication In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2058-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Hinkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia \u201cSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201d, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venelin","family":"Tsvetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia \u201cSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201d, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Shkondrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilina","family":"Krasteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stoyan","family":"Shishkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia \u201cSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201d, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalina","family":"Shishkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia \u201cSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201d, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139211","article-title":"Possible environmental effects on the spread of COVID-19 in China","volume":"731","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftaa006","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftaa006","article-title":"Coronaviruses: A paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases","volume":"77","author":"Salata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathog. 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