{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:51:27Z","timestamp":1774302687077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011051","name":"Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD-123.2022.1.3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD-123.2022.1.3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of novel radiocontrast agents, mainly used for the visualization of blood vessels, is still an emerging task due to the variety of side effects of conventional X-ray contrast media. Recently, we have shown that octahedral chalcogenide rhenium clusters with phosphine ligands\u2014Na2H14[{Re6Q8}(P(C2H4COO)3)6] (Q = S, Se)\u2014can be considered as promising X-ray contrast agents if their relatively high toxicity related to the high charge of the complexes can be overcome. To address this issue, we propose one of the most widely used methods for tuning the properties of proteins and peptides\u2014PEGylation (PEG is polyethylene glycol). The reaction between the clusters and PEG-400 was carried out in acidic aqueous media and resulted in the binding of up to five carboxylate groups with PEG. The study of cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells and acute toxicity in mice showed a twofold reduction in toxicity after PEGylation, demonstrating the success of the strategy chosen. Finally, the compound obtained has been used for the visualization of blood vessels of laboratory rats by angiography and computed tomography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T10:24:13Z","timestamp":1700562253000},"page":"16569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PEGylation of Terminal Ligands as a Route to Decrease the Toxicity of Radiocontrast Re6-Clusters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4663-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksei S.","family":"Pronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana N.","family":"Pozmogova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7807-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri A.","family":"Vorotnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgy D.","family":"Vavilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Circulation Pathology n.a. Academician E.N. Meshalkin, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton A.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Yanshole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3a Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alphiya R.","family":"Tsygankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Ya.","family":"Gusel\u2019nikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8559-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri V.","family":"Mironov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9833-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Shestopalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"On a New Kind of Rays","volume":"137","year":"1895","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Ges. Wurzburg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23225","article-title":"Evaluation of X-ray Tomography Contrast Agents: A Review of Production, Protocols, and Biological Applications","volume":"82","author":"Aslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. 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