{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:07:27Z","timestamp":1788300447243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-75-20122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-75-20122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are used to induce ovulation, but they have a number of side effects, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A possible alternative is allosteric luteinizing hormone (LH)\/hCG receptor agonists, including the compound TP4\/2 we developed, which remains active when administered orally. The aim was to study the effectiveness of TP4\/2 (orally, 40 mg\/kg) as an ovulation inducer in FSH-stimulated immature female rats, compared with hCG (s.c., 15 IU\/rat). TP4\/2 stimulated progesterone production and corpus luteum formation; time-dependently increased the ovarian expression of steroidogenic genes (Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) and genes involved in ovulation regulation (Adamts-1, Cox-2, Egr-1, Mt-1); and increased the content of metalloproteinase ADAMTS-1 in the ovaries. These effects were similar to those of hCG, although in some cases they were less pronounced. TP4\/2, in contrast to hCG, maintained normal LH levels and increased the ovarian expression of the LH\/hCG receptor gene, indicating preservation of ovarian sensitivity to LH, and did not cause a sustained increase in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A involved in OHSS. Thus, TP4\/2 is an effective ovulation inducer that, unlike hCG, has a lower risk of OHSS and ovarian LH resistance due to its moderate stimulating effect on steroidogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1700642863000},"page":"16618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of Steroidogenic and Ovulation-Inducing Effects of Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone\/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor in Immature Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira V.","family":"Derkach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan A.","family":"Lebedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2252-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Yu.","family":"Morina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2060-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Bakhtyukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4240-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena S.","family":"Pechalnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor N.","family":"Sorokoumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0668-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica S.","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0348-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina V.","family":"Romanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander O.","family":"Shpakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab008","article-title":"Ovarian stimulation for oocyte donation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Martinez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. 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