{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:00:58Z","timestamp":1791644458637,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\u2013UEFISCDI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly employed in the management of major depressive disorders. The present work describes two visible (VIS) spectrophotometric techniques that utilize the formation of charge transfer complexes between four antidepressant compounds, namely, amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMI), imipramine hydrochloride (IMI), clomipramine hydrochloride (CLO), and trimipramine maleate (TRI) acting as electron donors and two p-benzoquinones, namely, p-chloranilic acid (pCA) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), serving as electron acceptors. The stoichiometry of the compounds produced exhibited a consistent 1:1 ratio in all instances, as established by Job\u2019s method. Molar absorptivities, equilibrium association constants, and several other spectroscopic properties were determined for all complexes. The developed spectrophotometric techniques were validated intra-laboratory and successfully applied for quantitative assessment of the four antidepressant active ingredients in several commercial pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are relatively simple, fast, and use readily available laboratory instrumentation, making them easily applicable by most quality control laboratories worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:32:03Z","timestamp":1701055923000},"page":"16744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants Based on Formation of Molecular Complexes with p-Benzoquinones"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria D.","family":"Ciuca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu C.","family":"Racovita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdi, S., Manohar, K., Shariff, A., Wani, S.U.D., Almuqbil, M., Alshehri, S., Shakeel, F., Imam, M.T., and Krishna, K.L. (2022). Analysis of Antidepressants Utilization for Patients Visiting Psychiatric Out-Patient Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital. 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