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Despite this, a significant destruction of the tooth\u2019s underlying bone tissue often takes place progressively. Herein, we present a two-way therapeutic approach for local delivery of antibacterial agents and bone tissue regeneration, incorporating ~1% w\/w tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) into a 3D-printed scaffold composed of poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL). Samples were assessed for their morphological, physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, osteoprecursor cells (MC3T3-E1) were employed to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of the drug-loaded scaffolds. Cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation were determined on all cell-seeded scaffolds. At the end of the culture, PCL-TCH scaffolds promoted abundant collagen organic matrix, demonstrating augmented alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and areas of accumulated mineralised bone tissue, despite their belayed cell proliferation. Based on the observed effectiveness of the PCL-TCH scaffolds to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, these constructs could serve as an alternative bioactive implant that supports bacterial inhibition and favours a 3D microenvironment for bone tissue regeneration in severe periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:32:03Z","timestamp":1701055923000},"page":"16754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["3D-Printed Antibacterial Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Alveolar Bone in Severe Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Theodoridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4266-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios S.","family":"Arampatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Liasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2916-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazaros","family":"Tsalikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Barmpalexis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Christofilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering & Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreana N.","family":"Assimopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000351894","article-title":"Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone in Health and Adaptation: Tooth Movement","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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