{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:56:53Z","timestamp":1779292613653,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-15-00232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-15-00232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a significant concern in modern obstetrics, linked to high neonatal health problems and even death, as well as childhood disability, affecting adult quality of life. The role of maternal and fetus adaptation during adverse pregnancy is still not completely understood. This study aimed to investigate the disturbance in biological processes associated with isolated IUGR via blood plasma proteomics. The levels of 125 maternal plasma proteins were quantified by liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM MS) with corresponding stable isotope-labeled peptide standards (SIS). Thirteen potential markers of IUGR (Gelsolin, Alpha-2-macroglobulin, Apolipoprotein A-IV, Apolipoprotein B-100, Apolipoprotein(a), Adiponectin, Complement C5, Apolipoprotein D, Alpha-1B-glycoprotein, Serum albumin, Fibronectin, Glutathione peroxidase 3, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) were found to be inter-connected in a protein\u2013protein network. These proteins are involved in plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance; lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol and phospholipids; hemostasis, including platelet degranulation; and immune system regulation. Additionally, 18 proteins were specific to a particular type of IUGR (early or late). Distinct patterns in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems were observed between isolated early- and late-onset IUGR. Our findings highlight the complex interplay of immune and coagulation factors in IUGR and the differences between early- and late-onset IUGR and other placenta-related conditions like PE. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving outcomes for pregnancies affected by IUGR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1701086088000},"page":"16832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantitative Proteomics of Maternal Blood Plasma in Isolated Intrauterine Growth Restriction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Natalia L.","family":"Starodubtseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisa O.","family":"Tokareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Volochaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Kononikhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Brzhozovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1515-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Bugrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2324-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika V.","family":"Timofeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgenii N.","family":"Kukaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor L.","family":"Tyutyunnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia E.","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir E.","family":"Frankevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeny N.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gennady T.","family":"Sukhikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959750","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.959750","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction and stillbirth: Biomarkers for identifying at risk fetuses","volume":"13","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-020-00229-w","article-title":"Birthweight data completeness and quality in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study","volume":"19","author":"Biks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction","volume":"56","author":"Lees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"165","article-title":"Predictive factors for intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"7","author":"Albu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660777","article-title":"Uterine artery doppler in screening for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction","volume":"40","author":"Pedroso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Ischemic placental syndrome\u2014Prediction and new disease monitoring","volume":"29","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107607","article-title":"Placental origins of preeclampsia: Challenging the current hypothesis","volume":"51","author":"Huppertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timofeeva, A.V., Fedorov, I.S., Brzhozovskiy, A.G., Bugrova, A.E., Chagovets, V.V., Volochaeva, M.V., Starodubtseva, N.L., Frankevich, V.E., Nikolaev, E.N., and Shmakov, R.G. (2021). Mirnas and their gene targets\u2014A clue to differentiate pregnancies with small for gestational age newborns, intrauterine growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040729"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.07.020","article-title":"Diagnostic capacity of sFlt-1\/PlGF ratio in fetal growth restriction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12172","article-title":"Novel biomarkers for predicting intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.05.006","article-title":"Developing Novel Tests to Screen for Fetal Growth Restriction","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884","article-title":"Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: A Delphi procedure","volume":"48","author":"Gordijn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2330-6","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction: Current knowledge to the general Obs\/Gyn","volume":"286","author":"Junior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220300","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction","volume":"137","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.009","article-title":"The \u201cgreat Obstetrical Syndromes\u201d are associated with disorders of deep placentation","volume":"204","author":"Brosens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0372-6","article-title":"Tracking placental development in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Aplin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.003","article-title":"Placental transcriptional and histologic subtypes of normotensive fetal growth restriction are comparable to preeclampsia","volume":"220","author":"Gibbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20272","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth","volume":"53","author":"Salomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Osuchukwu, O.O., and Reed, D.J. (2023). Small for Gestational Age, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"100167","article-title":"International versus national growth charts for identifying small and large-for-gestational age newborns: A population-based study in 15 European countries","volume":"8","author":"Hocquette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health\u2013Eur."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14644","article-title":"Human fetal growth is constrained below optimal for perinatal survival","volume":"45","author":"Vasaks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.047050","article-title":"Large-scale interlaboratory study to develop, analytically validate and apply highly multiplexed, quantitative peptide assays to measure cancer-relevant proteins in plasma","volume":"14","author":"Abbatiello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.15.222","article-title":"A standardized kit for automated quantitative assessment of candidate protein biomarkers in human plasma","volume":"7","author":"Percy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00961","article-title":"An Update on MRMAssayDB: A Comprehensive Resource for Targeted Proteomics Assays in the Community","volume":"20","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100568","article-title":"MRM-based multiplexed quantitation of 67 putative cardiovascular disease biomarkers in human plasma","volume":"12","author":"Domanski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kononikhin, A.S., Zakharova, N.V., Semenov, S.D., Bugrova, A.E., Brzhozovskiy, A.G., Indeykina, M.I., Fedorova, Y.B., Kolykhalov, I.V., Strelnikova, P.A., and Ikonnikova, A.Y. (2022). Prognosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Using Quantitative Mass Spectrometry of Human Blood Plasma Proteins and Machine Learning. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147907"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700111","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201700111","article-title":"Multiplexed LC\u2013ESI\u2013MRM-MS-based Assay for Identification of Coronary Artery Disease Biomarkers in Human Plasma","volume":"13","author":"Anwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proteom.-Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhardwaj, M., Gies, A., Weigl, K., Tikk, K., Benner, A., Schrotz-King, P., Borchers, C.H., and Brenner, H. (2019). Evaluation and validation of plasma proteins using two different protein detection methods for early detection of colorectal cancer. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101426"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starodubtseva, N.L., Tokareva, A.O., Rodionov, V.V., Brzhozovskiy, A.G., Bugrova, A.E., Chagovets, V.V., Kometova, V.V., Kukaev, E.N., Soares, N.C., and Kovalev, G.I. (2023). Integrating Proteomics and Lipidomics for Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Progression: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071786"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23111","article-title":"Reduced fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death","volume":"57","author":"Pacora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00055","article-title":"Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: Pathophysiology and impact","volume":"10","author":"Malhotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2021.02.004","article-title":"Short- and Long-Term Implications of Small for Gestational Age","volume":"48","author":"Fung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113885","article-title":"Altered trajectory of neurodevelopment associated with fetal growth restriction","volume":"347","author":"Dudink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.012","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular consequences of fetal growth restriction: Biology, clinical implications, and opportunities for prevention of adult disease","volume":"218","author":"Crispi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1683","article-title":"The Maternal Plasma Proteome Changes as a Function of Gestational Age in Normal Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"155","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78207-3","article-title":"Maternal proteomic profiling reveals alterations in lipid metabolism in late-onset fetal growth restriction","volume":"10","author":"Paules","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31832-5","article-title":"Metabolic profiling and targeted lipidomics reveals a disturbed lipid profile in mothers and fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"8","author":"Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2010.544805","article-title":"The evaluation of the oxidative state of low-density lipoproteins in intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Pecks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behbodikhah, J., Ahmed, S., Elyasi, A., Kasselman, L.J., De Leon, J., Glass, A.D., and Reiss, A.B. (2021). Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular disease: Biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11100690"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:19:1:43","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in pregnancy and its consequences in the fetus and newborn","volume":"19","author":"Herrera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alahakoon, T.I., Medbury, H.J., Williams, H., and Lee, V.W. (2020). Lipid profiling in maternal and fetal circulations in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction-A prospective case control observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2753-1"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1974082","article-title":"Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals of serum lipids and the associations with pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes: A population-based prospective study","volume":"53","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800017","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201800017","article-title":"Maternal Apolipoprotein B100 Serum Levels are Diminished in Pregnancies with Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Differentiate from Controls","volume":"12","author":"Okai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proteom.-Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"103","article-title":"Fetal aorta wall inflammation in ultrasound-detected aortic intima\/media thickness and growth retardation","volume":"91","author":"Salmaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02120.x","article-title":"Maternal soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 (sTNFR2) and adiponectin are both related to blood pressure during gestation and infant\u2019s birthweight","volume":"61","author":"Garrido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2286","article-title":"Hypoadiponectinemia\u2014Cause or consequence of human \u201cinsulin resistance\u201d?","volume":"95","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211639","article-title":"Maternal serum adiponectin levels during human pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Kanety","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.226399","article-title":"Chronic maternal infusion of full-length adiponectin in pregnant mice down-regulates placental amino acid transporter activity and expression and decreases fetal growth","volume":"590","author":"Rosario","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.11.024","article-title":"Review: Adiponectin-The missing link between maternal adiposity, placental transport and fetal growth?","volume":"34","author":"Aye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Yang, J., and Yin, T. (2022). Regulation and Function of Chemokines at the Maternal\u2013Fetal Interface. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.826053"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01681","article-title":"Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond","volume":"11","author":"Girardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.10.004","article-title":"Functions of alpha 2 macroglobulins in pregnancy","volume":"245","author":"Tayade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6101","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817298116","article-title":"Human pregnancy zone protein stabilizes misfolded proteins including preeclampsia- and Alzheimer\u2019sassociated amyloid beta peptide","volume":"116","author":"Cater","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103267","article-title":"Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA)","volume":"143","author":"Vattai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2022.103663","article-title":"The Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly downregulated in the placenta of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome patients","volume":"153","author":"Vattai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100794","article-title":"Serum amyloid A1 and pregnancy zone protein in pregnancy complications and correlation with markers of placental dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Fosheim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, P., Liu, M., Huang, Z., Yang, X., Ding, Y., Liu, J., Cheng, X., Xu, S., and He, M. (2023). Alpha-2-macroglobulin is involved in the occurrence of early-onset pre-eclampsia via its negative impact on uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental angiogenesis. BMC Med., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02807-9"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(92)90725-X","article-title":"Maternal alpha-2-macroglobulin levels and fetal growth in Guatemala","volume":"38","author":"Neel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog3295.2017","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in fetal growth restriction","volume":"44","author":"Raghupathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00023.2018","article-title":"Oxidative stress, intrauterine growth restriction, and developmental programming of type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Rashid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500072722","article-title":"Normal pregnancy is characterized by systemic activation of the complement system","volume":"17","author":"Richani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.001","article-title":"Placental exosomes in normal and complicated pregnancy","volume":"213","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2009.12.014","article-title":"Serum profile in preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction revealed by iTRAQ technology","volume":"73","author":"Auer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82733-z","article-title":"Complement and coagulation cascades activation is the main pathophysiological pathway in early-onset severe preeclampsia revealed by maternal proteomics","volume":"11","author":"Youssef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01298","article-title":"S100A8\/A9 in inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.055","article-title":"Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, is elevated in the maternal but not in the fetal circulation in preeclampsia","volume":"193","author":"Braekke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613209","article-title":"Platelet activation and blood coagulation","volume":"88","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12730","article-title":"Platelets in inflammation and immunity","volume":"12","author":"Herter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2004.07.005","article-title":"Preeclampsia and the systemic inflammatory response","volume":"24","author":"Redman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1323327","article-title":"The pattern and magnitude of \u201cin vivo thrombin generation\u201d differ in women with preeclampsia and in those with SGA fetuses without preeclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Erez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90096-3","article-title":"Enhanced thrombin generation in normal and hypertensive pregnancy","volume":"160","author":"Sturk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.565","article-title":"The role of aspirin, heparin, and other interventions in the prevention and treatment of fetal growth restriction","volume":"218","author":"Groom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.08.004","article-title":"Haemostatic changes in pregnancy","volume":"114","author":"Brenner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10760296221126172","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296221126172","article-title":"Fibrinolytic Changes in Women with Preeclampsia","volume":"28","author":"Godtfredsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Elevated tissue plasminogen activator as a potential marker of endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia: Correlation with proteinuria","volume":"109","author":"Belo","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v18i3.15","article-title":"Fibrinolytic proteins of normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic patients in North West Nigeria","volume":"18","author":"Olawumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000233364.72863.a0","article-title":"Increased global fibrinolytic capacity as a clue for activated fibrinolysis in pre-eclampsia","volume":"17","author":"Sucak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R052753","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-IV: A protein intimately involved in metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, J., Ko, C.W., Tso, P., and Bhargava, A. (2019). Apolipoprotein A-IV: A multifunctional protein involved in protection against atherosclerosis and diabetes. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8040319"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05806-0","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-IV binds \u03b1IIb\u03b23 integrin and inhibits thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-022-03453-0","article-title":"The value of (18)F-FDG PET\/CT-based radiomics in predicting perineural invasion and outcome in non-metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003222","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1003222","article-title":"Prediction of the immunological and prognostic value of five signatures related to fatty acid metabolism in patients with cervical cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., and Sturdivant, R.X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley & Sons. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-530-5_14","article-title":"Logistic regression","volume":"404","author":"Nick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.07.094","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal growth restriction: New criteria, renew challenges","volume":"203","author":"Leite","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.059","article-title":"Consensus Based Definition of Growth Restriction in the Newborn","volume":"196","author":"Beune","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3002","article-title":"CPTAC Assay Portal: A repository of targeted proteomic assays","volume":"11","author":"Whiteaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokareva, A.O., Chagovets, V.V., Kononikhin, A.S., Starodubtseva, N.L., Frankevich, V.E., and Nikolaev, E.N. (2021). Pipeline of mass-spectrometry data processing for diagnostic molecular marker panel obtaining using the example of search markers of breast cancer metastasis. Biomed. Chem. Res. Methods, 4.","DOI":"10.18097\/BMCRM00156"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4702","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4702","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of variable selection method for creating a diagnostic panel of biomarkers for mass spectrometric lipidome analysis","volume":"56","author":"Tokareva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/23\/16832\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:31:50Z","timestamp":1760131910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/23\/16832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242316832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242316832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]}}}