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It plays significant roles in hormone secretion, placental development, and embryonic growth during pregnancy. TGF-\u03b2 is implicated in embryo implantation and inhibits the invasion of extraepithelial trophoblast cells. It also moderates the mother-fetus interaction by adjusting the secretion pattern of immunomodulatory factors in the placenta, consequently influencing the mother\u2019s immune cells. The TGF-\u03b2 family regulates the development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems by regulating gene expression. Furthermore, TGF-\u03b2 has been associated with various pregnancy complications. An increase in TGF-\u03b2 levels can induce the occurrences of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, while a decrease can lead to recurrent miscarriage due to the interference of the immune tolerance environment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-\u03b2 in embryo implantation and development, providing new insights for the clinical prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T11:43:16Z","timestamp":1701171796000},"page":"16882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Role of TGF-\u03b2 during Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Baohong","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feiyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3810","article-title":"Targeting the TGF\u03b2 signalling pathway in disease","volume":"11","author":"Akhurst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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