{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T23:16:04Z","timestamp":1763939764286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Progetto PCR2022\u2014Progetto Rete Aging\u2014Piano Esecutivo 2022","award":["D33C22001520001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D33C22001520001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal frailty\u2014a common and debilitating condition linked to aging and chronic diseases\u2014presents a major public health issue. In vivo models have become a key tool for researchers as they investigate the condition\u2019s underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions. This systematic review examines the current body of research on in vivo models of musculoskeletal frailty, without any time constraints. To achieve this aim, we utilized three electronic databases and incorporated a total of 11 studies. Our investigation delves into varied animal models that simulate specific features of musculoskeletal frailty, including muscle loss, bone density reduction, and functional decline. Furthermore, we examine the translational prospects of these models in augmenting our comprehension of musculoskeletal frailty and streamlining the production of groundbreaking therapeutic approaches. This review provides significant insights and guidance for healthcare researchers and practitioners who aim to combat musculoskeletal frailty, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for older adults and individuals affected by this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T12:01:00Z","timestamp":1701259260000},"page":"16948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring In Vivo Models of Musculoskeletal Frailty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deyanira","family":"Contartese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6152-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Di Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7402-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Salamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-5969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Giavaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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