{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:06:19Z","timestamp":1792789579790,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian State Program GP-47 \u201cScientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation\u201d (2019\u20132030)","award":["FMUG-2019-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMUG-2019-0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarizes the currently known biochemical neuroadaptive mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning. In particular, it focuses on the significance of the pro-adaptive effects of remote ischemic conditioning which allow for the prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysregulation after brain damage. The neuroimmunohumoral pathway transmitting a conditioning stimulus, as well as the molecular basis of the early and delayed phases of neuroprotection, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory components, are also outlined. Based on the close interplay between the effects of ischemia, especially those mediated by interaction of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and steroid hormones, the involvement of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical system in remote ischemic conditioning is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242317032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1701403082000},"page":"17032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neuroadaptive Biochemical Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2746-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia","family":"Baranova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Nalivaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8956-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Rybnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.5.1124","article-title":"Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium","volume":"74","author":"Murry","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.3.893","article-title":"Regional ischemic \u2018preconditioning\u2019 protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion","volume":"87","author":"Przyklenk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.02.032","article-title":"Neurogenic pathway mediated remote preconditioning protects the brain from transient focal ischemic injury","volume":"1386","author":"Malhotra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328359dd7b","article-title":"Protection of organs other than the heart by remote ischemic conditioning","volume":"14","author":"Candilio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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