{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T22:42:37Z","timestamp":1763764957037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS6\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS6\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly porous hydroxyapatite is sometimes considered toxic and useless as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration because of the high adsorption of calcium and phosphate ions from cell culture media. This negatively affects the osteoblast\u2019s growth in such ion-deprived media and suggests \u201cfalse cytotoxicity\u201d of tested hydroxyapatite. In our recent study, we showed that a small addition of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) may compensate for this adsorption without a negative effect on other properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. This study was designed to verify whether such CSD-supplemented biomaterials may serve as antibiotic carriers. FTIR, roughness, mechanical strength analysis, drug release, hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity against human osteoblasts, and antibacterial activity were evaluated to characterize tested biomaterials. The results showed that the addition of 1.75% gypsum and gentamicin caused short-term calcium ion compensation in media incubated with the composite. The combination of both additives also increased antibacterial activity against bacteria representative of bone infections without affecting osteoblast proliferation, hemocompatibility, and mechanical parameters. Thus, gypsum and antibiotic supplementation may provide advanced functionality for bone-regeneration materials based on hydroxyapatite of a high surface area and increasingly high Ca2+ sorption capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T03:48:41Z","timestamp":1701834521000},"page":"17178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gypsum-Related Impact on Antibiotic-Loaded Composite Based on Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite\u2014Advantages and Disadvantages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Zalewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladyslav","family":"Vivcharenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Belcarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sza\u0142aj, U., Chodara, A., Gierlotka, S., Wojnarowicz, J., and \u0141ojkowski, W. 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