{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:19:46Z","timestamp":1784042386889,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-23-00656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-23-00656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u201cHeptil\u201d (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine\u2014UDMH) is extensively employed worldwide as a propellant for rocket engines. However, UDMH constantly loses its properties as a result of its continuous and uncontrolled absorption of moisture, which cannot be rectified. This situation threatens its long-term usability. UDMH is an exceedingly toxic compound (Hazard Class 1), which complicates its transportation and disposal. Incineration is currently the only method used for its disposal, but this process generates oxidation by-products that are even more toxic than the original UDMH. A more benign approach involves its immediate reaction with a formalin solution to form 1,1\u2013dimethyl-2-methylene hydrazone (MDH), which is significantly less toxic by an order of magnitude. MDH can then be polymerized under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be burned, yielding substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides. This review seeks to shift the focus of MDH from incineration towards its application in the synthesis of relatively non-toxic and readily available analogs of various pharmaceutical substances. We aim to bring the attention of the international chemical community to the distinctive properties of MDH, as well as other hydrazones (such as glyoxal, acrolein, crotonal, and meta-crolyl), wherein each structural fragment can initiate unique transformations that have potential applications in molecular design, pharmaceutical research, and medicinal chemistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T08:48:32Z","timestamp":1701852512000},"page":"17196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Recycling of Substandard Rocket Fuel N,N-Dimethylhydrazine via the Involvement of Its Hydrazones Derived from Glyoxal, Acrolein, Metacrolein, Crotonaldehyde, and Formaldehyde in Organic Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Osipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Vasilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Eremkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Markova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Zazhivihina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii","family":"Mitrasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, K. Marx Street, 38, 428000 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Nasakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lavrinenko, I.A., and Lavrinenko, V.A. (2012). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine: Mutagenic and General Toxic Properties, Novosibirsk State University. Bulletin of NSU."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolenkov, A.D., Rodin, I.A., Smirnov, R.S., Tataurova, O.G., and Shpigun, O.A. (2012). Application of Ion and Ion-Pair Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Determination of Non-Symmetric Dimethylhydrazine and Its Transformation Product, Moscow University. 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