{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:47Z","timestamp":1787028527390,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)","award":["#JP22K09902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#JP22K09902"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)","award":["#JP19H03817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#JP19H03817"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)","award":["#JP20K20611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#JP20K20611"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is considered to be a useful therapeutic agent for degenerative cartilage diseases, although its mechanism is not clear. We previously found that polyamines stimulate the expression of differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes. We also found that the cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) played a huge role in the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that polyamines and CCN2 could be involved in the chondroprotective action of SAM. In this study, we initially found that exogenous SAM enhanced proteoglycan production but not cell proliferation in human chondrocyte-like cell line-2\/8 (HCS-2\/8) cells. Moreover, SAM enhanced gene expression of cartilage-specific matrix (aggrecan and type II collagen), Sry-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), CCN2, and chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzymes. The blockade of the methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) enzyme catalyzing intracellular SAM biosynthesis restrained the effect of SAM on chondrocytes. The polyamine level in chondrocytes was higher in SAM-treated culture than control culture. Additionally, Alcian blue staining and RT-qPCR indicated that the effects of SAM on the production and gene expression of aggrecan were reduced by the inhibition of polyamine synthesis. These results suggest that the stimulation of polyamine synthesis and gene expression of chondrogenic differentiation factors, such as CCN2, account for the mechanism underlying the action of SAM on chondrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1702265131000},"page":"17294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Positive Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine on Chondrocytic Differentiation via Stimulation of Polyamine Production and the Gene Expression of Chondrogenic Differentiation Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Loc Dinh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences (ARCOCS), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eriko","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences (ARCOCS), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Hiasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-0082, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Omote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-0082, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuo","family":"Kuboki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaharu","family":"Takigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences (ARCOCS), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31355-9","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine Metabolism and Liver Disease","volume":"12","author":"Mato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)73428-5","article-title":"Sulfonium reactions of methionine and their possible metabolic significance","volume":"132","author":"Toennies","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)66148-4","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine: A new intermediate formed enzymatically from l-methionine and adenosinetriphosphate","volume":"204","author":"Cantoni","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-020-00298-z","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A Clinician-Oriented Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Cuomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102232","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine Improves Cognitive Impairment in D-Galactose-Induced Brain Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation","volume":"128","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.8157su1c.04","article-title":"Evidence for S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e) for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"70","author":"Papakostas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"425","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Osteoarthritis","volume":"51","author":"Soeken","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01547.x","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine treatment of alcoholic liver disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Medici","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosca, L., Vitiello, F., Pagano, M., Coppola, A., Veglia Tranchese, R., Grillo, R., Cacciapuoti, G., and Porcelli, M. (2022). S-Adenosylmethionine, a Promising Antitumor Agent in Oral and Laryngeal Cancer. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031746"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"39","article-title":"Double-Blind Multicentre Study of the Activity of S-Adenosylmethionine in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"5","author":"Glorioso","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90857-6","article-title":"Double-Blind Clinical Trial of S-Adenosylmethionine versus Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis","volume":"83","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najm, W.I., Reinsch, S., Hoehler, F., Tobis, J.S., and Harvey, P.W. (2004). S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) versus Celecoxib for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Symptoms: A Double-Blind Cross-over Trial. [ISRCTN36233495]. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701429526","article-title":"Exploring the Mechanisms behind S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis","volume":"48","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90851-5","article-title":"Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine on Human Articular Chondrocyte Differentiation: An in Vitro Study","volume":"83","author":"Harmand","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90853-9","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Review of the Clinical Studies","volume":"83","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Zhan, Y., Xie, C., Xiang, Y., Chen, D., and Wu, Y. (2022). Clinical Value and Expression of Homer 1, Homocysteine, S-Adenosyl-l-Homocysteine, Fibroblast Growth Factors 23 in Coronary Heart Disease. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02554-4"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14904","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R116.731661","article-title":"Functions of Polyamines in Mammals","volume":"291","author":"Pegg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Canellakis, Z.N., Marsh, L.L., and Bondy, P.K. (1989). Polyamines and Their Derivatives as Modulators in Growth and Differentiation. Yale, J. Biol. Med., 62."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18222.x","article-title":"Correlation between the Inhibition of Cell Growth by Accumulated Polyamines and the Decrease of Magnesium and ATP","volume":"217","author":"He","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101261","article-title":"Inhibition of Polyamine Biosynthesis Preserves \u03b2 Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00091","article-title":"Increased Polyamines Alter Chromatin and Stabilize Autoantigens in Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"4","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1041-9","article-title":"Role of Polyamines in Hypertrophy and Terminal Differentiation of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes","volume":"42","author":"Facchini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041060212","article-title":"Effects of Parathyroid Hormone and Cyclic AMP Analogues on the Activity of Ornithine Decarboxylase and Expression of the Differentiated Phenotype of Chondrocytes in Culture","volume":"106","author":"Takigawa","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.3.1481","article-title":"Polyamine and Differentiation: Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase by Parathyroid Hormone Is a Good Marker of Differentiated Chondrocytes","volume":"77","author":"Takigawa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"423","article-title":"Role of Polyamines in Expression of the Differentiated Phenotype of Chondrocytes in Culture","volume":"59","author":"Takano","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2744-0_1","article-title":"CCN Proteins (Cellular Communication Network Factors): Expanding Their Repertoire Toward a New Concept","volume":"2582","author":"Takigawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2012.07.001","article-title":"Regulation of Pancreatic Function by Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF, CCN2)","volume":"24","author":"Charrier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v21.i1.40","article-title":"The Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF\/CCN2) in Skeletogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Arnott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-013-0204-8","article-title":"CCN2: A Master Regulator of the Genesis of Bone and Cartilage","volume":"7","author":"Takigawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Kubota, S., and Takigawa, M. (2007). International Review of Cytology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szustak, M., and Gendaszewska-Darmach, E. (2021). Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Differentiation and Expansion. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.736213"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LoGiudice, N., Le, L., Abuan, I., Leizorek, Y., and Roberts, S.C. (2018). Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an Irreversible Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis, as a Therapeutic Strategy against Hyperproliferative and Infectious Diseases. Med. Sci. Basel Switz., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6010012"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-989-5_9","article-title":"Whole-Mount Skeletal Staining","volume":"1130","author":"Rigueur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01617-2","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine Synergistically Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Gemcitabine against Pancreatic Cancer through JAK2\/STAT3 Pathway","volume":"392","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.25422","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine Affects Cell Cycle Pathways and Suppresses Proliferation in Liver Cells","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2014.03.001","article-title":"Effect of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM), an Allosteric Activator of Cystathionine-\u03b2-Synthase (CBS) on Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Bioenergetics in Vitro","volume":"41","author":"Coletta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Cooper, G.M. (2000). The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2278","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycan Profiles of Repair Tissue Formed Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Differ from Control Cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606870200","article-title":"Chondroitin Sulfate N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 Plays a Critical Role in Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis in Cartilage","volume":"282","author":"Sakai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208886200","article-title":"Differential Roles of TwoN-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a Novel Enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2","volume":"278","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-6047(06)80018-1","article-title":"16 Inhibition of Mammalian Protein Methyltransferases by 5\u2019-Methylthioadenosine (MTA): A Mechanism of Action of Dietary Same?","volume":"24","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Enzymes"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90852-7","article-title":"Effect of S-Adenosylmethionine on Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rabbits","volume":"83","author":"Wiemeyer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02512-4","article-title":"CTGF Promotes the Repair and Regeneration of Alveoli after Acute Lung Injury by Promoting the Proliferation of Subpopulation of AEC2s","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-009-0037-7","article-title":"Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF, CCN2) Gene Regulation: A Potent Clinical Bio-Marker of Fibroproliferative Disease?","volume":"3","author":"Leask","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, F., Carter, D.E., and Leask, A. (2011). Mechanical Tension Increases CCN2\/CTGF Expression and Proliferation in Gingival Fibroblasts via a TGF\u03b2-Dependent Mechanism. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019756"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.11.010","article-title":"The Regenerative Effects of CCN2 Independent Modules on Chondrocytes in Vitro and Osteoarthritis Models in Vivo","volume":"59","author":"Kubota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16242-y","article-title":"Association of Serum S-Adenosylmethionine, s-Adenosylhomocysteine, and Their Ratio with the Risk of Dementia and Death in a Community","volume":"12","author":"Mihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27711","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.46.27711","article-title":"Use of a New Rat Chondrosarcoma Cell Line to Delineate a 119-Base Pair Chondrocyte-Specific Enhancer Element and to Define Active Promoter Segments in the Mouse Pro-A1(II) Collagen Gene","volume":"270","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.03.005","article-title":"DcR3 Induces Cell Proliferation through MAPK Signaling in Chondrocytes of Osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295954","article-title":"Alterations in Glycosaminoglycan Concentration and Sulfation during Chondrocyte Maturation","volume":"54","author":"Farquharson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26745-2","article-title":"Direct Phenotypic Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Functional Osteoblasts Triggered by a Blockade of the Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Signal","volume":"8","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2744-0_5","article-title":"Western Blot Protocols for Analysis of CCN Proteins and Fragments in Exosomes, Vesicle-Free Fractions, and Cells","volume":"2582","author":"Ono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takamatsu, A., Ohkawara, B., Ito, M., Masuda, A., Sakai, T., Ishiguro, N., and Ohno, K. (2014). Verapamil Protects against Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092699"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991222","article-title":"Simultaneous Fluorometric Determination of Intracellular Polyamines Separated by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"36","year":"1992","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.756197","article-title":"Vesicular Polyamine Transporter Mediates Vesicular Storage and Release of Polyamine from Mast Cells","volume":"292","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/24\/17294\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:35:57Z","timestamp":1760132157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/24\/17294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242417294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242417294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]}}}