{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:52:34Z","timestamp":1789469554114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"support grant for female scientists of the gender equality unit of Ulm University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder and presents a complex therapeutic challenge due to limited treatment modalities. Recent focus has converged on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a prospective modulator of psychopathological processes in BPD. To address this hypothesis, we analysed plasma endocannabinoid concentrations, specifically anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in a cohort of 49 female BPD patients and 32 matched healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined the effect of the FAAH polymorphism rs324420 and correlates with psychopathology. The results indicate heightened AEA levels and, by trend, augmented 2-AG levels within the patient group, as compared to the HC group. Significant between group differences in AEA levels were evident in the CC genotype (FAAH_rs324420) but not in A-allele carriers while the commonly observed difference in AEA levels between A-allele carriers as compared to the CC genotype was not evident in patients. An effect of genotype was found with higher ratings of depression (Beck\u2019s depression inventory, BDI-II) in the CC genotype compared to A-allele carriers (FAAH_rs32442), particularly in the patients. Significant alterations in AEA (and by trend in 2-AG) in patients with BPD may relate to compensatory ECS activity. The finding that the effect is most pronounced in CC homozygotes, might point towards a countermeasure to balance physiologically lower baseline AEA levels. The findings warrant further research to develop potentially beneficial psychopharmacological therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1702526282000},"page":"17452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Plasma Endocannabinoid Levels in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Spohrs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Military Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"K\u00fchnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mikusky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Sanh\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Abler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies","volume":"9","author":"Boissel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adolesc. 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