{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:42:45Z","timestamp":1791985365823,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K05931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K05931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quercetin forms complexes with various metals due to its structural attributes. It predominantly exhibits chelating activity at the 3-hydroxy\/4-carbonyl group. Previously, coordination in synthetically obtained quercetin\u2013zinc (II) complexes has been limited to this group. However, the expanded coordination observed in quercetin\u2013iron complexes has opened avenues for diverse applications. Thus, synthesizing novel quercetin\u2013zinc complexes with different coordination positions is a significant advance. In our study, we not only synthesized and comprehensively characterized a new quercetin\u2013zinc (II) complex, Zn-Q, but also evaluated the structure and bioactivity of chelate complexes (Q+Zn) derived from co-treatment in cell culture mediums. The structure of the new compound Zn-Q was comprehensively characterized using 1D 1H and 2D correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis. Subcellular localization and absorption of these zinc (II) complexes were determined using the ZnAF-2 DA zinc ion fluorescence probe. Throughout the experiments, both Zn-Q and Q+Zn exhibited significant antioxidant, cell growth inhibitory, and anticancer effects in HepG2 and HCT116 cells, with Zn-Q showing the highest potential for inducing apoptosis via the caspase pathway. Tracking intracellular zinc complex absorption using zinc fluorescent probes revealed zinc (II) localization around the cell nucleus. Interestingly, there was a proportional increase in intracellular quercetin absorption in conjunction with zinc (II) uptake. Our research highlights the advantages of quercetin complexation with zinc (II): enhanced anticancer efficacy compared to the parent compound and improved bioavailability of both quercetin and zinc (II). Notably, our findings, which include enhanced intracellular uptake of both quercetin and zinc (II) upon complex formation and its implications in apoptosis, contribute significantly to the understanding of metal\u2013polyphenol complexes. Moving forward, comprehensive functional assessments and insights into its mechanism of action, supported by animal studies, are anticipated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1702526282000},"page":"17457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Apoptosis Induction in HepG2 and HCT116 Cells by a Novel Quercetin-Zinc (II) Complex: Enhanced Absorption of Quercetin and Zinc (II)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daigo","family":"Urakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6254-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0449-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De-Xing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5182-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kozue","family":"Sakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.03.046","article-title":"Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin","volume":"269","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"893","article-title":"Quercetin protects against atherosclerosis by regulating the expression of PCSK9, CD36, PPAR\u03b3, LXR\u03b1 and ABCA1","volume":"44","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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