{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1760150746126,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["NRF-2021M3E5E7023855","NRF-2022R1A2C2004343","RS-2023-00223552","CRC21021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021M3E5E7023855","NRF-2022R1A2C2004343","RS-2023-00223552","CRC21021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) of the Korean government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021M3E5E7023855","NRF-2022R1A2C2004343","RS-2023-00223552","CRC21021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021M3E5E7023855","NRF-2022R1A2C2004343","RS-2023-00223552","CRC21021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tagetes erecta and Ocimum basilicum are medicinal plants that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects against various diseases. However, their individual and combined effects on osteoarthritis (OA) are unknown. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of T. erecta,\u00a0O. basilicum, and their mixture, WGA-M001, on OA pathogenesis. The administration of total extracts of T. erecta and O. basilicum reduced cartilage degradation and inflammation without causing cytotoxicity. Although WGA-M001 contained lower concentrations of the individual extracts, it strongly inhibited the expression of pathogenic factors. In vivo OA studies also supported that WGA-M001 had protective effects against cartilage destruction at lower doses than those of T. erecta and O. basilicum. Moreover, its effects were stronger than those observed using Boswellia and Perna canaliculus. WGA-M001 effectively inhibited the interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cell (NF-\u03baB) pathway and ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, RNA-sequence analysis also showed that WGA-M001 decreased the expression of genes related to the IL-1\u03b2-induced NF-\u03baB and ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, WGA-M001 is more effective than the single total extracts of T. erecta and O. basilicum in attenuating OA progression by regulating ERK and NF-\u03baB signaling. Our results open new possibilities for WGA-M001 as a potential therapeutic agent for OA treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1702526282000},"page":"17459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["WGA-M001, a Mixture of Total Extracts of Tagetes erecta and Ocimum basilicum, Synergistically Alleviates Cartilage Destruction by Inhibiting ERK and NF-\u03baB Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Eunjeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hahyeong","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Ok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8810-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunyong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wooree Green Science, Ansan 15409, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wooree Green Science, Ansan 15409, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Hwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wooree Green Science, Ansan 15409, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Mi","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wooree Green Science, Ansan 15409, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wooree Green Science, Ansan 15409, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5151-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Pil","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Jun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyoung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Sun, H., Bunpetch, V., Koh, Y., Wen, Y., Wu, D., and Ouyang, H. 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