{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:37:06Z","timestamp":1790692626631,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK132971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK132971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKP2021-EGA-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNKP-23-5-SE-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNKP-23-5-SE-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bolyai Janos Fellowship BO\/00359\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bolyai Janos Fellowship BO\/00359\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STIA_18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIA_18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Steroid hormone production via the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta (so-called glandular steroidogenesis) is responsible for the endocrine control of the body\u2019s homeostasis and is organized by a feedback regulatory mechanism based on the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013steroidogenic gland axis. On the other hand, recently discovered extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring locally in different tissues is instead linked to paracrine or autocrine signaling, and it is independent of the control by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Bone cells, such as bone-forming osteoblasts, osteoblast-derived osteocytes, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, respond to steroid hormones produced by both glandular and extraglandular steroidogenesis. Recently, new techniques to identify steroid hormones, as well as synthetic steroids and steroidogenesis inhibitors, have been introduced, which greatly empowered steroid hormone research. Based on recent literature and new advances in the field, here we review the local role of steroid hormones in regulating bone homeostasis and skeletal lesion formation. The novel idea of extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring within the skeletal system raises the possibility of the development of new therapies for the treatment of bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T03:16:33Z","timestamp":1702610193000},"page":"17482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Local Effects of Steroid Hormones within the Bone Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Luca F.","family":"Sandor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reka","family":"Ragacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Gyori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013","article-title":"The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr. 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