{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:02:55Z","timestamp":1780578175520,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the early 1980s by Nobel Prize winners in medicine Robin Warren and Barry Marshall led to a revolution in physiopathology and consequently in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Subsequently, H. pylori has also been linked to non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, acne rosacea, and Raynaud\u2019s syndrome. In addition, several studies have shown an association with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Our narrative review aims to investigate the connection between H. pylori infection, gut microbiota, and extra-gastric diseases, with a particular emphasis on atherosclerosis. We conducted an extensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using the keywords \u201cH. pylori\u201d, \u201cdysbiosis\u201d, \u201cmicrobiota\u201d, \u201catherosclerosis\u201d, \u201ccardiovascular disease\u201d in the last ten years. Atherosclerosis is a complex condition in which the arteries thicken or harden due to plaque deposits in the inner lining of an artery and is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Recent research has highlighted the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of this group of diseases. H. pylori is able to both directly influence the onset of atherosclerosis and negatively modulate the microbiota. H. pylori is an important factor in promoting atherosclerosis. Progress is being made in understanding the underlying mechanisms, which could open the way to interesting new therapeutic perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1702639612000},"page":"17520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Interplay between Helicobacter pylori and Gut Microbiota in Non-Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Special Focus on Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Candelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Franza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5378-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Merra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedicine and Prevention Department, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Facolt\u00e0 di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Piccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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