{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:38:24Z","timestamp":1784266704358,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum pharmacology introduces theoretical models to describe the possibility of ultra-high dilutions to produce biological effects, which may help to explain the placebo effect observed in hypertensive clinical trials. To determine this within physiology and to evaluate novel ARBs, we tested the ability of known angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (candesartan and telmisartan) used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as novel ARBs (benzimidazole-N-biphenyl tetrazole (ACC519T), benzimidazole-bis-N,N\u2032-biphenyl tetrazole (ACC519T(2)) and 4-butyl-N,N0-bis[[20-2Htetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl)imidazolium bromide (BV6(K+)2), and nirmatrelvir (the active ingredient in Paxlovid) to modulate vascular contraction in iliac rings from healthy male New Zealand White rabbits in responses to various vasopressors (angiotensin A, angiotensin II and phenylephrine). Additionally, the hemodynamic effect of ACC519T and telmisartan on mean arterial pressure in conscious rabbits was determined, while the ex vivo ability of BV6(K+)2 to activate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) was also investigated. We show that commercially available and novel ARBs can modulate contraction responses at ultra-high dilutions to different vasopressors. ACC519T produced a dose-dependent reduction in rabbit mean arterial pressure while BV6(K+)2 significantly increased ACE2 metabolism. The ability of ARBs to inhibit contraction responses even at ultra-low concentrations provides evidence of the existence of quantum pharmacology. Furthermore, the ability of ACC519T and BV6(K+)2 to modulate blood pressure and ACE2 activity, respectively, indicates their therapeutic potential against hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T03:59:24Z","timestamp":1702871964000},"page":"17559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Existence of Quantum Pharmacology in Sartans: Evidence in Isolated Rabbit Iliac Arteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Kate","family":"Gadanec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3613-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Swiderski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasso","family":"Apostolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia"},{"name":"Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostantinos","family":"Kelaidonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26 504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-8726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veroniki P.","family":"Vidali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Canko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Ag. 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