{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:22:31Z","timestamp":1780626151411,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]],"date-time":"2023-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS 721\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS 721\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Experimental studies reveal that caffeine (trimethylxanthine) at subconvulsive doses, distinctly reduced the anticonvulsant activity of numerous antiseizure medications (ASMs) in rodents, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine and lamotrigine being the exceptions. Clinical data based on low numbers of patients support the experimental results by showing that caffeine (ingested in high quantities) may sharply increase seizure frequency, considerably reducing the quality of patients\u2019 lives. In contrast, this obviously negative activity of caffeine was not found in clinical studies involving much higher numbers of patients. ASMs vulnerable to caffeine in experimental models of seizures encompass carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, pregabalin and topiramate. An inhibition of R-calcium channels by lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine may account for their resistance to the trimethylxanthine. This assumption, however, is complicated by the fact that topiramate also seems to be a blocker of R-calcium channels. A question arises why large clinical studies failed to confirm the results of experimental and case-report studies. A possibility exists that the proportion of patients taking ASMs resistant to caffeine may be significant and such patients may be sufficiently protected against the negative activity of caffeine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T03:59:24Z","timestamp":1702871964000},"page":"17569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Caffeine and Its Interactions with Antiseizure Medications\u2014Is There a Correlation between Preclinical and Clinical Data?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Miziak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"B\u0142aszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lipinski University, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Chro\u015bci\u0144ska-Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw J.","family":"Czuczwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00572436","article-title":"Xanthine derivatives as antagonists at A1 and A2 adenosine receptors","volume":"330","author":"Schwabe","year":"1985","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. 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