{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:10:00Z","timestamp":1773382200453,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) portends a dismal prognosis if hypoperfusion triggers uncontrolled inflammatory and metabolic derangements. We sought to investigate metabolomic profiles and temporal changes in IL6, Ang-2, and markers of glycocalyx perturbation from admission to discharge in eighteen patients with heart failure complicated by CS (HF-CS). Biological samples were collected from 18 consecutive HF-CS patients at admission (T0), 48 h after admission (T1), and at discharge (T2). ELISA analytical techniques and targeted metabolomics were performed Seven patients (44%) died at in-hospital follow-up. Among the survivors, IL-6 and kynurenine were significantly reduced at discharge compared to baseline. Conversely, the amino acids arginine, threonine, glycine, lysine, and asparagine; the biogenic amine putrescine; multiple sphingolipids; and glycerophospholipids were significantly increased. Patients with HF-CS have a metabolomic fingerprint that might allow for tailored treatment strategies for the patients\u2019 recovery or stabilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T05:41:35Z","timestamp":1702878095000},"page":"17607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiogenic Shock Integrated PHenotyping for Event Reduction: A Pilot Metabolomics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nuccia","family":"Morici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Cardio-Respiratorio, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Frigerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1711-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonica","family":"Campolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Fustinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8150-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Villanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Anestesia e Rianimazione I, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. 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