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(MsF) in the right eye, 10 received non-loaded PLGA-Ms suspension (Control), and 17 were non-injected (Healthy). Follow-up was performed (24 weeks), evaluating intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), histology and electroretinography. The right eyes underwent a progressive increase in IOP, but only induced cohorts reached hypertensive values. The three cohorts presented a progressive decrease in ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, corroborating physiological age-related loss of ganglion cells. Injected cohorts (MsF &gt; Control) presented greater final GCL thickness. Histological exams explain this paradox: the MsF cohort showed lower ganglion cell counts but higher astrogliosis and immune response. A sequential trend of functional damage was recorded using scotopic electroretinography (MsF &gt; Control &gt; Healthy). It seems to be a function\u2013structure correlation: in significant astrogliosis, early functional damage can be detected by electroretinography, and structural damage can be detected by histological exams but not by OCT. Males presented higher IOP and retinal and GCL thicknesses and lower electroretinography. A minimally invasive chronic glaucoma model was induced by a single injection of biodegradable Ms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T06:03:11Z","timestamp":1702965791000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chronic Glaucoma Induced in Rats by a Single Injection of Fibronectin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres: IOP-Dependent and IOP-Independent Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Munuera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-8914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Aragon-Navas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Villacampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Feixa Llarga s\/n, 08907 l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam A.","family":"Gonzalez-Cela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Sub\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Biotech Vision SLP (Spin-Off Company), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Biotech Vision SLP (Spin-Off Company), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Garcia-Feijoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Herrero-Vanrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garcia-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Thematic 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