{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:47:24Z","timestamp":1773028044524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OR00004208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OR00004208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wounds represent a common occurrence in human life. Consequently, scientific investigations are underway to advance wound healing methodologies, with a notable focus on dressings imbued with biologically active compounds capable of orchestrating the wound microenvironment through meticulously regulated release mechanisms. Among these bioactive agents are cytokines, which, when administered to the wound milieu without appropriate protection, undergo rapid loss of their functional attributes. Within the context of this research, we present a method for fabricating dressings enriched with G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), showcasing both biological activity and protracted release dynamics. Based on Ligasano, a commercial polyurethane foam dressing, and chitosan crosslinked with TPP (sodium tripolyphosphate), these dressings are noncytotoxic and enable cytokine incorporation. The recovery of cytokines from dressings varied based on the dressing preparation and storage techniques (without modification, drying, freeze-drying followed by storage at 4 \u00b0C or freeze-drying followed by storage at 24 \u00b0C) and cytokine type. Generally, drying reduced cytokine levels and their bioactivity, especially with G-CSF. The recovery of G-CSF from unmodified dressings was lower compared to GM-CSF (60% vs. 80%). In summary, our freeze-drying approach enables the storage of G-CSF or GM-CSF enriched dressings at 24 \u00b0C with minimal cytokine loss, preserving their biological activity and thus enhancing future clinical availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T11:17:24Z","timestamp":1702984644000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chitosan-Based Dressing as a Sustained Delivery System for Bioactive Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Lewicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5093-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Zwoli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Hovagimyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Stelmasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0973-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szarpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUX MED Group, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9026-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Lewicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Centre of Preventive Medicine, 05-100 Nowy Dw\u00f3r Mazowiecki, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zygmunt","family":"Pojda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731791","article-title":"Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"35","author":"Almadani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. 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