{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:47Z","timestamp":1787028527334,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Taiwan, Inc."},{"name":"Quark Biosciences, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of genes involved in the establishment of the window of implantation (WOI) in the endometrium. Recent studies indicated that cell-free miRNAs in uterine fluid and blood samples could act as alternative and non-invasive sample types for endometrial receptivity analysis. In this study, we attempt to systematically evaluate whether the expression levels of cell-free microRNAs in blood samples could be used as non-invasive biomarkers for assessing endometrial receptivity status. We profiled the miRNA expression levels of 111 blood samples using next-generation sequencing to establish a predictive model for the assessment of endometrial receptivity status. This model was validated with an independent dataset (n = 73). The overall accuracy is 95.9%. Specifically, we achieved accuracies of 95.9%, 95.9%, and 100.0% for the pre-receptive group, the receptive group, and the post-respective group, respectively. Additionally, we identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs between different endometrial receptivity statuses using the following criteria: p-value &lt; 0.05 and fold change greater than 1.5 or less than \u22121.5. In conclusion, the expression levels of cell-free miRNAs in blood samples can be utilized in a non-invasive manner to distinguish different endometrial receptivity statuses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of a Predictive Model for Optimization of Embryo Transfer Timing Using Blood-Based microRNA Expression Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1718-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko-Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chiao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Fan","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ting","family":"Chuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women\u2019s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan IVF Group Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Hsinchu 30274, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pok Eric","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack Yu-Jen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan IVF Group Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Hsinchu 30274, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, 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