{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:05:01Z","timestamp":1787965501229,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Cancer Developmental Funds","award":["R01 CA1988887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA1988887"]}]},{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Cancer Developmental Funds","award":["R01 CA277810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA277810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate staging of bladder cancer assists in identifying optimal treatment (e.g., transurethral resection vs. radical cystectomy vs. bladder preservation). However, currently, about one-third of patients are over-staged and one-third are under-staged. There is a pressing need for a more accurate staging modality to evaluate patients with bladder cancer to assist clinical decision-making. We hypothesize that MRI\/RNA-seq-based radiogenomics and artificial intelligence can more accurately stage bladder cancer. A total of 40 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were available for analysis. Twenty-eight (28) MRI and their matched FFPE tissues were available for training analysis, and 12 matched MRI and FFPE tissues were used for validation. FFPE samples were subjected to bulk RNA-seq, followed by bioinformatics analysis. In the radiomics, several hundred image-based features from bladder tumors in MRI were extracted and analyzed. Overall, the model obtained mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94%, 88%, and 92%, respectively, in differentiating intra- vs. extra-bladder cancer. The proposed model demonstrated improvement in the three matrices by 17%, 33%, and 25% and 17%, 16%, and 17% as compared to the genetic- and radiomic-based models alone, respectively. The radiogenomics of bladder cancer provides insight into discriminative features capable of more accurately staging bladder cancer. Additional studies are underway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["MRI\/RNA-Seq-Based Radiogenomics and Artificial Intelligence for More Accurate Staging of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Touseef Ahmad","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9284-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4226-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Sakatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makito","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon R. V.","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Rosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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