{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:28:06Z","timestamp":1793820486263,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rising incidence of obesity has coincided with rising levels of poor reproductive outcomes. The molecular basis for the association of infertility in obese males is now being explained through various mechanisms. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and changes in serum and gonadal concentrations of adipokines, like leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin have been implicated as causes of male infertility in obese males. The effects of obesity and hypogonadism form a vicious cycle whereby dysregulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular axis\u2014due to the effect of the release of multiple mediators, thus decreasing GnRH release from the hypothalamus\u2014causes decreases in LH and FSH levels. This leads to lower levels of testosterone, which further increases adiposity because of increased lipogenesis. Cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1 and interleukins, sirtuins, and other inflammatory mediators like reactive oxygen species are known to affect fertility in obese male adults. There is evidence that parental obesity can be transferred through subsequent generations to offspring through epigenetic marks. Thus, negative expressions like obesity and infertility have been linked to epigenetic marks being altered in previous generations. The interesting aspect is that these epigenetic expressions can be reverted by removing the triggering factors. These positive modifications are also transmitted to subsequent generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T01:19:42Z","timestamp":1703207982000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Molecular Basis of Male Infertility in Obesity: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5029-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biji Thomas","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2336-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malay","family":"Jhancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1539-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajani","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhranshu Sekhar","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3304-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lovely Muthiah","family":"Annamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e30770","article-title":"Obesity: A Doorway to a Molecular Path Leading to Infertility","volume":"14","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, October 18). Obesity and Overweight. 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