{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:41:39Z","timestamp":1765233699320,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) represent life-threatening syndromes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In both conditions, endothelial dysfunction is a common denominator, and development of relevant biomarkers is of high importance for both diagnosis and prognosis. Despite the fact that soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) have been determined as endothelial injury indices in various clinical settings, their role in HSCT-related complications remains unexplored. In this context, we used immunoenzymatic methods to measure suPAR and GDF-15 levels in HSCT-TMA, acute and\/or chronic GVHD, control HSCT recipients, and apparently healthy individuals of similar age and gender. We found considerably greater SuPAR and GDF-15 levels in HSCT-TMA and GVHD patients compared to allo-HSCT and healthy patients. Both GDF-15 and suPAR concentrations were linked to EASIX at day 100 and last follow-up. SuPAR was associated with creatinine and platelets at day 100 and last follow-up, while GDF-15 was associated only with platelets, suggesting that laboratory values do not drive EASIX. SuPAR, but not GDF-15, was related to soluble C5b-9 levels, a sign of increased HSCT-TMA risk. Our study shows for the first time that suPAR and GDF-15 indicate endothelial damage in allo-HSCT recipients. Rigorous validation of these biomarkers in many cohorts may provide utility for their usefulness in identifying and stratifying allo-HSCT recipients with endothelial cell impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Levels Are Significantly Associated with Endothelial Injury Indices in Adult Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Bousiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Batsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Vardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Despina","family":"Mallouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evaggelia-Evdoxia","family":"Koravou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Konstantinidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Spyridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Karavalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Foteini","family":"Noli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Patriarcheas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Masmanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasoula","family":"Touloumenidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apostolia","family":"Papalexandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Poziopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Metropolitan Hospital, Neo Faliro, 18547 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Yannaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Sakellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMT Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Politou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papassotiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2008.02.003","article-title":"Vascular endothelium and graft-versus-host 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