{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:44:44Z","timestamp":1760150684503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies observed, despite an anti-hyperlipidaemic effect, a positive impact of fibrates on septic conditions. This study evaluates the effects of gemfibrozil on microcirculatory variables, mitochondrial function, and lipid peroxidation levels with regard to its potential role as an indicator for oxidative stress in the colon and liver under control and septic conditions and dependencies on PPAR\u03b1-mediated mechanisms of action. With the approval of the local ethics committee, 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Sham and septic animals were treated with a vehicle, gemfibrozil (30 and 100 mg\/kg BW), GW 6471 (1 mg\/kg BW, PPAR\u03b1 inhibitor), or a combination of both drugs. Sepsis was induced via the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) model. Then, 24 h post sham or CASP surgery, a re-laparotomy was performed. Measures of vital parameters (heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and microcirculation (\u00b5HbO2)) were recorded for 90 min. Mitochondrial respirometry and assessment of lipid peroxidation via a malondialdehyde (MDA) assay were performed on colon and liver tissues. In the untreated sham animals, microcirculation remained stable, while pre-treatment with gemfibrozil showed significant decreases in the microcirculatory oxygenation of the colon. In the CASP animals, \u00b5HbO2 levels in the colon and the liver were significantly decreased 90 min after laparotomy. Pre-treatment with gemfibrozil prevented the microcirculatory aberrations in both organs. Gemfibrozil did not affect mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation levels in the sham or CASP animals. Gemfibrozil treatment influences microcirculation depending on the underlying condition. Gemfibrozil prevents sepsis-induced microcirculatory aberrances in the colon and liver PPAR\u03b1-independently. In non-septic animals, gemfibrozil impairs the microcirculatory variables in the colon without affecting those in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gemfibrozil Improves Microcirculatory Oxygenation of Colon and Liver without Affecting Mitochondrial Function in a Model of Abdominal Sepsis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Kuebart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Maicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Sonnenschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Raupach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6650-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Truse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Picker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna","family":"Relja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Herminghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02950-2","article-title":"Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019\u2014Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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