{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:55:25Z","timestamp":1788785725580,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/6-006-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/6-006-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UK\/US\/06\/2022\/01\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UK\/US\/06\/2022\/01\/00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ALAB Laboratories","award":["503\/6-006-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/6-006-05"]}]},{"name":"ALAB Laboratories","award":["UK\/US\/06\/2022\/01\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UK\/US\/06\/2022\/01\/00004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Constipation belongs to conditions commonly reported by postmenopausal women, but the mechanism behind this association is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms (Rome IV) in postmenopausal women with functional constipation (FC, n = 40) as compared with age-adjusted postmenopausal women without FC. All women controlled their TRP intake in their daily diet. Urinary levels of TRP and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), and 3-indoxyl sulfate (indican, 3-IS), were determined by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. Dysbiosis was assessed by a hydrogen\u2013methane breath test. Women with FC consumed less TRP and had a lower urinary level of 5-HIAA, but higher levels of KYN and 3-IS compared with controls. The severity of symptoms showed a negative correlation with the 5-HIAA level, and a positive correlation with the 3-IS level. In conclusion, changes in TRP metabolism may contribute to FC in postmenopausal women, and dysbiosis may underlie this contribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tryptophan Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Functional Constipation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Blonska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Chojnacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-7808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Macieja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Blasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-402 Plock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Majsterek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Chojnacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Poplawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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