{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T05:44:21Z","timestamp":1782193461010,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for the Scientific Research Program","award":["JP20H03827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H03827"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for the Scientific Research Program","award":["JP19H01067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H01067"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for the Scientific Research Program","award":["JP 21K18298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 21K18298"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In some non-mammalian eggs, the fusion of one egg and multiple sperm (polyspermy) induces a robust rise in intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration due to a shortage of inducers carried by a single sperm. Instead, one of the sperm nuclei is selected inside the egg for normal embryogenesis. Polyspermy also occurs during the in vitro fertilization of human eggs; however, the fate of such eggs is still under debate. Hence, the relationship between polyspermy and repetitive Ca2+ increases (Ca2+ oscillation) in mammals remains unknown. To address this issue, we used mouse sperm lacking extramitochondrial citrate synthase (eCS), which functions as a Ca2+ oscillation inducer; its lack causes retarded Ca2+ oscillation initiation (eCs-KO sperm). Elevated sperm concentrations normalize Ca2+ oscillation initiation. As expected, eCS deficiency enhanced polyspermy in both zona pellucida (ZP)-free and ZP-intact eggs despite producing the next generation of eCs-KO males. In conclusion, similarly to non-mammalian eggs, mouse eggs may develop normally under polyspermy conditions caused by problematic Ca2+ oscillation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Overdue Calcium Oscillation Causes Polyspermy but Possibly Permits Normal Development in Mouse Eggs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mio","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woojin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Katano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae","family":"Horiike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Miyado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Miyado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsutoshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81445-8","article-title":"Absence of block to polyspermy at the human oolemma","volume":"67","author":"Wolf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil. 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