{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T23:01:21Z","timestamp":1786489281355,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Giacomina Brunetti"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) represent the final treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) not eligible for transplantation. Although LVAD design has been further improved in the last decade, their use is associated with different complications. Specifically, inflammation, fibrosis, bleeding events, right ventricular failure, and aortic valve regurgitation may occur. In addition, reverse remodeling is associated with substantial cellular and molecular changes of the failing myocardium during LVAD support with positive effects on patients\u2019 health. All these processes also lead to the identification of biomarkers identifying LVAD patients as having an augmented risk of developing associated adverse events, thus highlighting the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets. Additionally, it has been reported that LVAD complications could cause or exacerbate a state of malnutrition, suggesting that, with an adjustment in nutrition, the general health of these patients could be improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Activated by a Left Ventricular Assist Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Galeone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Buccoliero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5093-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Barile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia Paola","family":"Nicchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Onorati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0931-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0681-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomina","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","article-title":"Global burden of heart failure: A comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology","volume":"118","author":"Savarese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, E., and Lampert, B.C. (2022). Heart Failure in Older Adults: Medical Management and Advanced Therapies. Geriatrics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics7020036"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab853","article-title":"The \u2018Ten Commandments\u2019 of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Adamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"576","article-title":"Clinical outcome and quality of life of patients surviving 20 years or longer after heart transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Galeone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl. Int. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Organ Transplant."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14057","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14057","article-title":"A single-center long-term experience with marginal donor utilization for heart transplantation","volume":"34","author":"Galeone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067758","article-title":"Use of a continuous-flow device in patients awaiting heart transplantation","volume":"357","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.02.016","article-title":"Risk Assessment and Comparative Effectiveness of Left Ventricular Assist Device and Medical Management in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients: The ROADMAP Study 2-Year Results","volume":"5","author":"Starling","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.12.011","article-title":"Twelfth Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support Report: Readmissions After Left Ventricular Assist Device","volume":"113","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900486","article-title":"A Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device\u2014Final Report","volume":"380","author":"Mehra","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.10.009","article-title":"Second INTERMACS annual report: More than 1000 primary left ventricular assist device implants","volume":"29","author":"Kirklin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.055","article-title":"Extended mechanical circulatory support with a continuous-flow rotary left ventricular assist device","volume":"54","author":"Pagani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.133","article-title":"New therapy, new challenges: The effects of long-term continuous flow left ventricular assist device on inflammation","volume":"215","author":"Billia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0315-x","article-title":"Reappraising the role of inflammation in heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Adamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007263230405","article-title":"Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"323","author":"Levine","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galeone, A., Grano, M., and Brunetti, G. (2023). Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Members and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: State of the Art and Therapeutic Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054606"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1482","article-title":"The clinical significance of interleukin-6 in heart failure: Results from the BIOSTAT-CHF study","volume":"21","author":"Tromp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.11.1189","article-title":"Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in failing human myocardium after mechanical circulatory support: A potential mechanism for cardiac recovery","volume":"100","author":"Stetson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03172-1","article-title":"Myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression does not correlate with clinical indices of heart failure in patients on left ventricular assist device support","volume":"72","author":"Razeghi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2008.00056.x","article-title":"Myocardial Fas and cytokine expression in end-stage heart failure: Impact of LVAD support","volume":"1","author":"Bedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.12.006","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of inflammation in recipients of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"31","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000129","article-title":"Markers of inflammation in recipients of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"60","author":"McDonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.05.013","article-title":"Chronotropic incompetence, impaired exercise capacity, and inflammation in recipients of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"32","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2008.01.001","article-title":"TNFalpha in patients with end-stage heart failure on medical therapy or supported by a left ventricular assist device","volume":"19","author":"Bruggink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.06.013","article-title":"Effects of left ventricular assist device support on biomarkers of cardiovascular stress, fibrosis, fluid homeostasis, inflammation, and renal injury","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-018-0399-3","article-title":"The Effect of Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy on Cardiac Biomarkers: Implications for the Identification of Myocardial Recovery","volume":"15","author":"Holzhauser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.06.001","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels and non-surgical bleeding in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"37","author":"Tabit","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., and Kishimoto, T. (2014). IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 6.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10359-8","article-title":"Activation-induced T-cell death and immune dysfunction after implantation of left-ventricular assist device","volume":"354","author":"Ankersmit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6807","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00064-14","article-title":"Disruption of the transcriptional regulator Cas5 results in enhanced killing of Candida albicans by Fluconazole","volume":"58","author":"Vasicek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3181de3049","article-title":"Early expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in left ventricular assist device recipients with multiple organ failure syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Caruso","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2019.01.005","article-title":"The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Survival During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support","volume":"25","author":"Sundararajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"474","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives","volume":"122","author":"Zahorec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13911","article-title":"Association of temporal trends in neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on left ventricular assist device patient outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Solanki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-020-10078-5","article-title":"Systemic Inflammatory Burden Correlates with Severity and Predicts Outcomes in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Supported by a Percutaneous Mechanical Assist Device","volume":"14","author":"Diakos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.040","article-title":"Cell-Specific Pathways Supporting Persistent Fibrosis in Heart Failure","volume":"70","author":"Farris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0059-x","article-title":"The human heart contains distinct macrophage subsets with divergent origins and functions","volume":"24","author":"Bajpai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000159390.03503.c3","article-title":"Mixed messages: Transcription patterns in failing and recovering human myocardium","volume":"96","author":"Margulies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2016.1243053","article-title":"Transcriptional patterns of reverse remodeling with left ventricular assist devices: A consistent signature","volume":"13","author":"Ton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70111-3","article-title":"Activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"112","author":"Spanier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/pcad.2000.7191","article-title":"Immunobiology of left ventricular assist devices","volume":"43","author":"Itescu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076029620959724","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029620959724","article-title":"Protein C Pathway, Inflammation, and Pump Thrombosis in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices","volume":"26","author":"Walenga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1018","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological effects of heart failure drug therapy in advanced heart failure patients on chronic mechanical circulatory support","volume":"20","author":"Catino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.042","article-title":"Left ventricular assist device support normalizes left and right ventricular beta-adrenergic pathway properties","volume":"45","author":"Klotz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.962142","article-title":"Effects of continuous-flow versus pulsatile-flow left ventricular assist devices on myocardial unloading and remodeling","volume":"4","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3501.095215","article-title":"Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and reduction in collagen damage in the failing human heart after support with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunetti, G., Barile, B., Nicchia, G.P., Onorati, F., Luciani, G.B., and Galeone, A. (2023). The ST2\/IL-33 Pathway in Adult and Paediatric Heart Disease and Transplantation. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061676"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30634","article-title":"IL-33 and ST2 comprise a critical biomechanically induced and cardioprotective signaling system","volume":"117","author":"Sanada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.958223","article-title":"High-sensitivity ST2 for prediction of adverse outcomes in chronic heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Ky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.228","article-title":"Incremental value of biomarkers to clinical variables for mortality prediction in acutely decompensated heart failure: The Multinational Observational Cohort on Acute Heart Failure (MOCA) study","volume":"168","author":"Lassus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12886","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12886","article-title":"Soluble ST2 in end-stage heart failure, before and after support with a left ventricular assist device","volume":"48","author":"Tseng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.04.014","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America","volume":"23","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.031","article-title":"Soluble ST2 for Prognosis and Monitoring in Heart Failure: The New Gold Standard?","volume":"70","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.06.001","article-title":"Targeting galectin-3 in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases","volume":"44","author":"Bouffette","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00829-7","article-title":"The role of galectins in immunity and infection","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00636-2","article-title":"Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Cagnoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nangia-Makker, P., Hogan, V., Balan, V., and Raz, A. (2022). Chimeric galectin-3 and collagens: Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. J. Biol. Chem., 298.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102622"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, R., Anam, K., and Ahmed, H. (2023). Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098116"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.538080","article-title":"Predictive value of plasma galectin-3 levels in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"43","author":"Lok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2008.02.018","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis and remodeling in terminal heart failure patients supported by mechanical circulatory support devices","volume":"27","author":"Milting","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coromilas, E., Que-Xu, E.C., Moore, D., Kato, T.S., Wu, C., Ji, R., Givens, R., Jorde, U.P., Takayama, H., and Naka, Y. (2016). Dynamics and prognostic role of galectin-3 in patients with advanced heart failure, during left ventricular assist device support and following heart transplantation. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0298-z"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.11.011","article-title":"The biomarker plasma galectin-3 in advanced heart failure and survival with mechanical circulatory support devices","volume":"32","author":"Erkilet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.091","article-title":"Prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Kempf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0568-7","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum growth differentiation factor-15 levels in systemic sclerosis: Association with disease severity","volume":"22","author":"Yanaba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tscharre, M., Wittmann, F., Kitzmantl, D., Lee, S., Eichelberger, B., Wadowski, P.P., Laufer, G., Wiedemann, D., Panzer, S., and Perkmann, T. (2022). Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Correlates Inversely with Protease-Activated Receptor-1-Mediated Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040484"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603358","article-title":"Serum Concentration of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Independently Associated with Global Platelet Function and Higher Fibrinogen Values in Adult Healthy Subjects","volume":"43","author":"Lippi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12100","article-title":"GDF-15 prevents platelet integrin activation and thrombus formation","volume":"11","author":"Rossaint","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv491","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 level predicts major bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the PLATO study","volume":"37","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038312","article-title":"Performance of the ABC Scores for Assessing the Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism and Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48","volume":"139","author":"Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.06.004","article-title":"von Willebrand factor disruption and continuous-flow circulatory devices","volume":"36","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8752","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8752","article-title":"Purified human factor VIII procoagulant protein: Comparative hemostatic response after infusions into hemophilic and von Willebrand disease dogs","volume":"82","author":"Brinkhous","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-165621","article-title":"von Willebrand factor to the rescue","volume":"113","author":"Deckmyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1401","article-title":"ADAMTS-13 rapidly cleaves newly secreted ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers on the endothelial surface under flowing conditions","volume":"100","author":"Dong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.8.2171.2171","article-title":"Shear stress enhances the proteolysis of von Willebrand factor in normal plasma","volume":"83","author":"Tsai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7416","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801735105","article-title":"Factor VIII accelerates proteolytic cleavage of von Willebrand factor by ADAMTS13","volume":"105","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-093021","article-title":"Platelet-VWF complexes are preferred substrates of ADAMTS13 under fluid shear stress","volume":"111","author":"Shim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-264507","article-title":"Endothelial von Willebrand factor regulates angiogenesis","volume":"117","author":"Starke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13551","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor and angiogenesis: Basic and applied issues","volume":"15","author":"Randi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraser, K.H., Zhang, T., Taskin, M.E., Griffith, B.P., and Wu, Z.J. (2012). A quantitative comparison of mechanical blood damage parameters in rotary ventricular assist devices: Shear stress, exposure time and hemolysis index. J. Biomech. Eng., 134.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007092"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.016","article-title":"Acquired von Willebrand syndrome after continuous-flow mechanical device support contributes to a high prevalence of bleeding during long-term support and at the time of transplantation","volume":"56","author":"Uriel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019692","article-title":"Elevated Angiopoietin-2 Level in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Leads to Altered Angiogenesis and Is Associated With Higher Nonsurgical Bleeding","volume":"134","author":"Tabit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.917765","article-title":"The development of aortic insufficiency in left ventricular assist device-supported patients","volume":"3","author":"Cowger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.04.115","article-title":"Late aortic insufficiency related to poor prognosis during left ventricular assist device support","volume":"92","author":"Toda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.06.006","article-title":"Aortic valve pathophysiology during left ventricular assist device support","volume":"29","author":"John","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.07.044","article-title":"Aortic regurgitation during left ventricular assist device support","volume":"26","author":"Haghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01929-9","article-title":"Partial aortic valve fusion induced by left ventricular assist device","volume":"70","author":"Rose","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(03)00028-7","article-title":"Acquired commissural fusion of aortic valves in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"22","author":"Connelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.114770","article-title":"Insufficiency of the native aortic valve and left ventricular assist system inflow valve after support with an implantable left ventricular assist system: Signs, symptoms, and concerns","volume":"122","author":"Samuels","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt559","article-title":"Pathological analysis of the aortic valve after long-term left ventricular assist device support","volume":"46","author":"Hata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. Off. J. Eur. Assoc. Cardio-Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Aortic Valve Pathology in Patients Supported by Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device","volume":"80","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. J. Off. J. Jpn. Circ. Soc."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2604","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2604","article-title":"Oxygen diffusion and consumption of aortic valve cusps","volume":"281","author":"Weind","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.119696","article-title":"Aortic valve cusp vessel density: Relationship with tissue thickness","volume":"123","author":"Weind","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.11.002","article-title":"Pathology of aortic valve remodeling after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support","volume":"36","author":"Vink","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.06.001","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage plasticity in tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"185","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt263","article-title":"Analysis of aortic valve commissural fusion after support with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device","volume":"17","author":"Martina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.08.030","article-title":"Left-Ventricular Assist Device Impact on Aortic Valve Mechanics, Proteomics and Ultrastructure","volume":"105","author":"Stephens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13767","article-title":"Degenerative changes of the aortic valve during left ventricular assist device support","volume":"9","author":"Barth","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.10.014","article-title":"Circulatory support with attenuated pulse pressure alters human aortic wall morphology","volume":"133","author":"Westaby","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.047","article-title":"Matrix-Degrading Enzyme Expression and Aortic Fibrosis During Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Mechanical Support","volume":"78","author":"Ambardekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dlouha, D., Ivak, P., Netuka, I., Benesova, S., Tucanova, Z., and Hubacek, J.A. (2021). An Integrative Study of Aortic mRNA\/miRNA Longitudinal Changes in Long-Term LVAD Support. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147414"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.11.2717","article-title":"Reversal of chronic ventricular dilation in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy by prolonged mechanical unloading","volume":"91","author":"Levin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.139","article-title":"Reverse remodelling and myocardial recovery in heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.633180","article-title":"Cardiac improvement during mechanical circulatory support: A prospective multicenter study of the LVAD Working Group","volume":"115","author":"Maybaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq353","article-title":"Heart failure reversal by ventricular unloading in patients with chronic cardiomyopathy: Criteria for weaning from ventricular assist devices","volume":"32","author":"Dandel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.15637","article-title":"Is anthracycline-induced heart failure reversible?","volume":"78","author":"Klotzka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kardiol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.073","article-title":"Myocardial atrophy and chronic mechanical unloading of the failing human heart: Implications for cardiac assist device-induced myocardial recovery","volume":"64","author":"Diakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00004.2004","article-title":"Genomic profiling of the human heart before and after mechanical support with a ventricular assist device reveals alterations in vascular signaling networks","volume":"17","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4401.099449","article-title":"Differential regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the failing human heart in response to mechanical unloading","volume":"104","author":"Flesch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00242-2","article-title":"Changes in sarcolemmal Ca entry and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in ventricular myocytes from patients with end-stage heart failure following myocardial recovery after combined pharmacological and ventricular assist device therapy","volume":"24","author":"Terracciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2713","article-title":"Chronic unloading by left ventricular assist device reverses contractile dysfunction and alters gene expression in end-stage heart failure","volume":"102","author":"Heerdt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80847-8","article-title":"PKA phosphorylation dissociates FKBP12.6 from the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor): Defective regulation in failing hearts","volume":"101","author":"Marx","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2014.10.003","article-title":"Morphological changes in mitochondria during mechanical unloading observed on electron microscopy: A case report of a bridge to complete recovery in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Ikeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol. Off. J. Soc. Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-018-9803-3","article-title":"Reduced Myocardial Mitochondrial ROS Production in Mechanically Unloaded Hearts","volume":"12","author":"Scheiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.060889","article-title":"Ventricular assist device implantation corrects myocardial lipotoxicity, reverses insulin resistance, and normalizes cardiac metabolism in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Chokshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.04.014","article-title":"Late Right Heart Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Contemporary Insights and Future Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Rajapreyar","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.11.020","article-title":"Right ventricular failure in patients with the HeartMate II continuous-flow left ventricular assist device: Incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcomes","volume":"139","author":"Kormos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3101.093903","article-title":"Comparison of right and left ventricular responses to left ventricular assist device support in patients with severe heart failure: A primary role of mechanical unloading underlying reverse remodeling","volume":"104","author":"Barbone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.08.104","article-title":"Left ventricular assist devices decrease fixed pulmonary hypertension in cardiac transplant candidates","volume":"133","author":"Zimpfer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2020.03.003","article-title":"Impact of left ventricular assist device implantation on mitral regurgitation: An analysis from the MOMENTUM 3 trial","volume":"39","author":"Kanwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.09.029","article-title":"Morphological Assessment of the Tricuspid Apparatus and Grading Regurgitation Severity in Patients with Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: Thinking Outside the Box","volume":"12","author":"Badano","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-010-0669-9","article-title":"Neurohumoral and inflammatory markers for prediction of right ventricular failure after implantation of a left ventricular assist device","volume":"59","author":"Hennig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.10.007","article-title":"Markers of extracellular matrix turnover and the development of right ventricular failure after ventricular assist device implantation in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"31","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.01.021","article-title":"Defining the molecular signatures of human right heart failure","volume":"196","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-019-0895-x","article-title":"Right ventricular failure following left ventricular assist device implantation is associated with a preoperative pro-inflammatory response","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.43","article-title":"Dynamics and prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"11","author":"Papathanasiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000234","article-title":"Serum brain natriuretic peptide concentration 60 days after surgery as a predictor of long-term prognosis in patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device","volume":"61","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.056","article-title":"Early trends in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide values after left ventricular assist device implantation for chronic heart failure","volume":"114","author":"Hasin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000878","article-title":"Prevalence, significance, and management of aortic insufficiency in continuous flow left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"7","author":"Jorde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Hear Fail."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.05.018","article-title":"Prevalence of de novo aortic insufficiency during long-term support with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"29","author":"Pak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hear Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.06.008","article-title":"Consequences of aortic insufficiency during long-term axial continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support","volume":"33","author":"Cowger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hear Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.07.018","article-title":"Aortic insufficiency in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support patients is common but does not impact long-term mortality","volume":"36","author":"Holley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.07.012","article-title":"Aortic insufficiency during contemporary left ventricular assist device support: Analysis of the INTERMACS registry","volume":"6","author":"Truby","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Hear Fail."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"e008706","article-title":"Right Heart Failure Following Left Ventricular Device Implantation: Natural History, Risk Factors, and Outcomes: An Analysis of the STS INTERMACS Database","volume":"15","author":"Kapelios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Hear Fail."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.08.010","article-title":"The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with late right-sided heart failure in patients supported with an axial-flow left ventricular assist device","volume":"36","author":"Rich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hear Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.10.005","article-title":"Late right heart failure during support with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices adversely affects post-transplant outcome","volume":"34","author":"Takeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hear Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.09.1362","article-title":"Evolution of Late Right Heart Failure with Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Association with Outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Rame","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1372","article-title":"Optimal haemodynamics during left ventricular assist device support are associated with reduced haemocompatibility-related adverse events","volume":"21","author":"Imamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hear Fail."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001224","article-title":"Preoperative Right Heart Dysfunction and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices","volume":"67","author":"Liebo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.070","article-title":"Abdominal Contributions to Cardiorenal Dysfunction in Congestive Heart Failure","volume":"62","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2004.11.047","article-title":"Nutrition assessment and management of left ventricular assist device patients","volume":"24","author":"Holdy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000972","article-title":"Controlling Nutritional Status Score as a Predictive Marker for Patients with Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Device","volume":"66","author":"Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"612","article-title":"Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke Off. J. Int. Stroke Soc."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.2016.153","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Symptoms from Left-Ventricular Assist Device External Compression of the Gastric Lumen","volume":"3","author":"Suarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1321","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.10.81","article-title":"Bleeding in continuous flow left ventricular assist device recipients: An acquired vasculopathy?","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, S., and Ru, S. (2021). The prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on the all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.37766\/inplasy2021.6.0063"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.027","article-title":"Relevance of nutritional assessment and treatment to counteract cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia in chronic heart failure","volume":"40","author":"Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000607","article-title":"Anemia after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation: Characteristics and implications","volume":"40","author":"Bhimaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2023.01.009","article-title":"HFSA Expert Consensus Statement on the Medical Management of Patients on Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support","volume":"29","author":"Trachtenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2309","article-title":"High-dose supplementation of selenium in left ventricular assist device implant surgery: A double-blinded, randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"46","author":"Laaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2018.05.033","article-title":"Prognostic Value of the Nutritional Risk Index in Candidates for Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy","volume":"72","author":"Uribarri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1086\/650454","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of fungal ventricular-assist device infections","volume":"50","author":"Aslam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2005.07.008","article-title":"Right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation in patients with chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"25","author":"Dang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.11.029","article-title":"Pressure sore incidence and treatment in left ventricular assist device (LVAD)-equipped patients: Insights from a prospective series","volume":"77","author":"Schaffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg. JPRAS"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.04.013","article-title":"Presence and impact of anemia in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"42","author":"Tie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"825","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D Level on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation","volume":"33","author":"Obeid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0847-8","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolites and fibroblast growth factor-23 in patients with left ventricular assist device implants: Association with stroke and mortality risk","volume":"55","author":"Zittermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"e10840","article-title":"Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Heart Failure Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Effects on Clinical Outcomes: A Literature Review","volume":"12","author":"Busa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988231154939","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and driveline infection in patients with a left ventricular assist device implant","volume":"46","author":"Zittermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martucci, G., Pappalardo, F., Subramanian, H., Ingoglia, G., Conoscenti, E., and Arcadipane, A. (2021). Endocrine Challenges in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030861"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zittermann, A., Ernst, J.B., Pilz, S., Dreier, J., Kuhn, J., Knabbe, C., Gummert, J.F., Morshuis, M., and Milting, H. (2016). Calciotropic and Phosphaturic Hormones in End-Stage Heart Failure Patients Supported by a Left-Ventricular Assist Device. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164459"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-021-00511-4","article-title":"Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective","volume":"18","author":"Bomer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"444","article-title":"Improved Nutrition Status in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure Implanted with a Left Ventricular Assist Device","volume":"34","author":"Genev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507832909","article-title":"Immunonutrition in surgical and critically ill patients","volume":"98","author":"Calder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.04.022","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition","volume":"39","author":"Bischoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa639","article-title":"Two-year outcome after implantation of a full magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device: Results from the ELEVATE Registry","volume":"41","author":"Zimpfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000807","article-title":"Comparative survival and cost-effectiveness of advanced therapies for end-stage heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/1\/288\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:41:25Z","timestamp":1760132485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/1\/288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25010288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25010288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]}}}