{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T04:19:51Z","timestamp":1794111591696,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pre-eclampsia (PE) continues to be a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathomechanisms of PE, the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully understood. While the \u201ctwo-stage model\u201d of the development of PE is the most widely accepted theory, stating that the placenta is the main source of the disease, there are some other pathophysiological models of PE. Among these other theories, the one considering heart dysfunction as serving as the primary cause of PE seems to be gaining increasing prominence. In this review, we aim to elucidate these two divergent concepts concerning the development of PE. Despite some differences in their proposed pathomechanisms, both theories share vital pathophysiological elements in common. A central and critical component in both models is impaired placental perfusion, which appears to be a crucial phenomenon in PE. A comprehensive understanding of the different pathomechanisms involved in PE may be helpful in clinical practice, prompting a more individual approach to care of patients with PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T23:00:12Z","timestamp":1703545212000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia\u2014Two Theories of the Development of the Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2339-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Kornacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Reproduction and Perinatal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Olejniczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Reproduction and Perinatal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8346-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Sibiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Reproduction and Perinatal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Gutaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Reproduction and Perinatal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wender-O\u017cegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Reproduction and Perinatal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218401","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8401","article-title":"Preeclampsia Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Sweden and China","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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