{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:28:32Z","timestamp":1790821712583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP26410245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP26410245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K05232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K05232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A31-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A31-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS Core-to-Core Program","award":["JP26410245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP26410245"]}]},{"name":"JSPS Core-to-Core Program","award":["JP21K05232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K05232"]}]},{"name":"JSPS Core-to-Core Program","award":["A31-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A31-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hybridization of inorganic and organic components is a promising strategy to build functional materials. Among several functions, luminescence is an important function which should be considered for practical usage. Inorganic\u2013organic hybrid luminescent materials have been investigated as phosphors, sensors, and lasers. Organic luminescent centers such as dye molecules have often been hybridized with inorganic matrices. Polyoxometalate anions (POMs) are effective inorganic luminescent centers due to their luminescent properties and structural designability. However, most luminescent POM components are limited to lanthanide-based POMs. In this report, a photoluminescent inorganic\u2013organic hybrid crystal based on a non-lanthanide POM was successfully synthesized as a single crystal. Anderson-type hexamolybdochromate ([CrMo6O18(OH)6]3\u2212, CrMo6) anion exhibiting emission derived from Cr3+ was utilized with n-dodecylammonium ([C12H25NH3]+, C12NH3) surfactant cation to obtain a photoluminescent hybrid crystal. The grown single crystal of C12NH3-CrMo6 comprised a distinct layered structure consisting of inorganic CrMo6 layers and interdigitated C12NH3 layers. In the CrMo6 layers, the CrMo6 anions were associated with water molecules by hydrogen bonding to form a densely packed two-dimensional network. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the C12NH3-CrMo6 hybrid crystal exhibited characteristic emission from the CrMo6 anion. Preliminary lasing properties were also observed for C12NH3-CrMo6, which shows the possibility of using the C12NH3-CrMo6 hybrid crystal as an inorganic\u2013organic hybrid laser.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T02:58:12Z","timestamp":1703645892000},"page":"345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photoluminescent Layered Crystal Consisting of Anderson-Type Polyoxometalate and Surfactant toward a Potential Inorganic\u2013Organic Hybrid Laser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Mihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe 651-2194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoriko","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoka","family":"Maezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Mizoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Iwamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Joint Management Office, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9414-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeru","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1021\/cm011061e","article-title":"Designed hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites from functional nanobuilding blocks","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1021\/cr970471c","article-title":"Polyoxometalate-based molecular materials","volume":"98","author":"Coronado","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1021\/cm702271v","article-title":"Self-organization of organosilica solids with molecular-scale and mesoscale periodicities","volume":"20","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300291s","article-title":"Ion conductivity and transport by porous coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks","volume":"46","author":"Horike","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230444","article-title":"The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks","volume":"341","author":"Furukawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0146-8","article-title":"Molecular magnetism: From chemical design to spin control in molecules, materials and devices","volume":"5","author":"Coronado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00034a005","article-title":"Photofunctions of intercalation compounds","volume":"95","author":"Ogawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200300389","article-title":"Optical properties of functional hybrid organic\u2013inorganic nanocomposites","volume":"15","author":"Sanchez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.463","article-title":"Solid-state lasers based on inorganic\u2013organic hybrid materials obtained by combined sol\u2013gel polymer technology","volume":"15","author":"Reisfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00477","article-title":"Tuning the luminescence of layered halide perovskites","volume":"119","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00106f","article-title":"Hybrid materials for optics and photonics","volume":"40","author":"Lebeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1039\/C0CS00069H","article-title":"Progress on lanthanide-based organic\u2013inorganic hybrid phosphors","volume":"40","author":"Carlos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2004.10.003","article-title":"Strategies for the design of luminescent lanthanide(III) complexes and their photonic applications","volume":"5","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1039\/B905604C","article-title":"Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences","volume":"39","author":"Eliseeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2013.12.012","article-title":"Self-assemblies of luminescent rare earth compounds in capsules and multilayers","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201905600","article-title":"Beyond charge balance: Counter-cations in polyoxometalate chemistry","volume":"59","author":"Misra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00854J","article-title":"Hybrid polyoxometalates as post-functionalization platforms: From fundamentals to emerging applications","volume":"49","author":"Anyushin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00832C","article-title":"Supramolecular assemblies of organo-functionalised hybrid polyoxometalates: From functional building blocks to hierarchical nanomaterials","volume":"51","author":"Cameron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9604043","article-title":"Photo- and electrochromism of polyoxometalates and related materials","volume":"98","author":"Yamase","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC10447E","article-title":"Research progress on polyoxometalate-based transition-metal\u2013rare-earth heterometallic derived materials: Synthetic strategies, structural overview and functional applications","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00197","article-title":"Rare Earth Polyoxometalates","volume":"50","author":"Boskovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.2654","article-title":"Polyoxometalate\/polymer hybrid materials: Fabrication and properties","volume":"58","author":"Qi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2012.09.037","article-title":"Lanthanopolyoxometalates: From the structure of polyanions to the design of functional materials","volume":"52","author":"Granadeiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pope, M.T. (1983). Heteropoly and Isopoly Oxometalates, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12004-0"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.07.001","article-title":"The Anderson\u2013Evans polyoxometalate: From inorganic building blocks via hybrid organic\u2013inorganic structures to tomorrows \u201cBio-POM\u201d","volume":"307","author":"Blazevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1021\/ic50092a006","article-title":"The crystal structure of sodium hexamolybdochromate(III) octahydrate, Na3(CrMo6O24H6)\u00b78H2O","volume":"9","author":"Perloff","year":"1970","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamase, T., and Sugeta, M. (1993). Charge-transfer photoluminescence of polyoxo-tungstates and -molybdates. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 759\u2013765.","DOI":"10.1039\/dt9930000759"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-8388(02)00371-7","article-title":"Luminescence study of new Ln(III) compounds formed with Anderson\u2019s heteropolyanions Al(OH)6Mo6O183\u2212 and Cr(OH)6Mo6O183\u2212","volume":"344","author":"Yusov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00631","article-title":"Photoluminescence properties of two closely related isostructural series based on Anderson-Evans cluster coordinated with lanthanides [Ln(H2O)7{X(OH)6Mo6O18}]\u00b7yH2O, X = Al, Cr","volume":"6","author":"Tewari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE00865K","article-title":"Photoluminescent chromium molybdate cluster coordinated with rare earth cations: Synthesis, structure, optical and magnetic properties","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-016-1072-1","article-title":"Crystal structures and photoluminescence of two inorganic\u2013organic hybrids of Anderson anions","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2005.02.023","article-title":"Organic\u2013inorganic hybrids with three-dimensional supramolecular channels based on Anderson type polyoxoanions","volume":"743","author":"An","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8790","DOI":"10.1021\/ic200653d","article-title":"Smart heterostructures for tailoring the optical properties of photochromic hybrid organic\u2013inorganic polyoxometalates","volume":"50","author":"Dessapt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CE00659D","article-title":"A series of novel Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based MnII complexes constructed from pyridyl-derivatives: Assembly, structures, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1021\/la052972w","article-title":"Regular two-dimensional molecular array of photoluminescent Anderson-type polyoxometalate constructed by Langmuir-Blodgett technique","volume":"22","author":"Ito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5387(00)80791-3","article-title":"Anderson-type heteropolyanions of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI)","volume":"6","author":"Nomiya","year":"1987","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3697(92)90081-N","article-title":"Spectroscopical approach to some heteropolymolybdates with the anderson structure","volume":"53","author":"Botto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200500802","article-title":"Computational study of solvent effects and the vibrational spectra of Anderson Polyoxometalates","volume":"12","author":"Bridgeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108768185002063","article-title":"Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the inorganic crystal structure database","volume":"41","author":"Brown","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, T. (2016). Inorganic\u2013organic hybrid surfactant crystals: Structural aspects and functions. Crystals, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst6030024"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Desiraju, G.R., and Steiner, T. (1999). The Weak Hydrogen Bond in Structural Chemistry and Biology, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.130683","article-title":"Polyoxomolybdate\u2013surfactant layered crystals derived from long-tailed alkylamine and ionic liquid","volume":"42","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svelto, O. (2010). Principles of Lasers, Springer. [5th ed.]. Chapter 7.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1302-9"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/382695a0","article-title":"Lasing from conjugated-polymer microcavities","volume":"382","author":"Tessler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050152i","article-title":"Organic semiconductor lasers","volume":"107","author":"Samuel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12823","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00172","article-title":"Organic lasers: Recent developments on materials, device geometries, and fabrication techniques","volume":"116","author":"Kuehne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3814","DOI":"10.1021\/cm703023d","article-title":"Synthesis of amphiphilic dye-self-assembled mesostructured powder silica with enhanced emission for directional random laser","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10070","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0508727","article-title":"Imidazole-based excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer materials:\u2009 synthesis and amplified spontaneous emission from a large single crystal","volume":"127","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeb, M., Tahi, M., Muhammad, F., Said, S.M., Sabri, M.F.M., Sarker, M.R., Ali, S.H.M., and Wahab, F. (2019). Amplified spontaneous emission and optical gain in organic single crystal quinquethiophene. Crystals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst9120609"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7230","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.1c01077","article-title":"Porous layered inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks constructed from polyoxovanadate and bolaamphiphiles","volume":"21","author":"Kiyota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2015). CrysAlisPro, Rigaku Oxford Diffraction."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053273314026370","article-title":"SHELXT\u2013Integrated space-group and crystal structure determination","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108767307043930","article-title":"A short history of SHELX","volume":"64","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/1\/345\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:42:14Z","timestamp":1760132534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/1\/345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25010345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25010345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]}}}