{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T21:10:41Z","timestamp":1782681041912,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) grants funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"]}]},{"name":"NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) grants funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2017H1A2A1045727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017H1A2A1045727"]}]},{"name":"NRF-2017-Fostering Core Leaders of the Future Basic Science Program\/Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program","award":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"]}]},{"name":"NRF-2017-Fostering Core Leaders of the Future Basic Science Program\/Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program","award":["2017H1A2A1045727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017H1A2A1045727"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) causes colitis and is implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. The ETBF-secreted B. fragilis toxin (BFT) causes cleavage of the adherence junction, the E-cadherin, resulting in the large intestine showing IL-17A inflammation in wild-type (WT) mice. However, intestinal pathology by ETBF infection is not fully understood in B-cell-deficient mice. In this study, ETBF-mediated inflammation was characterized in B-cell-deficient mice (muMT). WT or muMT C57BL\/6J mice were orally inoculated with ETBF and examined for intestinal inflammation. The indirect indicators for colitis (loss of body weight and cecum weight, as well as mortality) were increased in muMT mice compared to WT mice. Histopathology and inflammatory genes (Nos2, Il-1\u03b2, Tnf-\u03b1, and Cxcl1) were elevated and persisted in the large intestine of muMT mice compared with WT mice during chronic ETBF infection. However, intestinal IL-17A expression was comparable between WT and muMT mice during infection. Consistently, flow cytometry analysis applied to the mesenteric lymph nodes showed a similar Th17 immune response in both WT and muMT mice. Despite elevated ETBF colonization, the ETBF-infected muMT mice showed no histopathology or inflammation in the small intestine. In conclusion, B cells play a protective role in ETBF-induced colitis, and IL-17A inflammation is not attributed to prompted colitis in B-cell-deficient mice. Our data support the fact that B cells are required to ameliorate ETBF infection-induced colitis in the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T05:43:15Z","timestamp":1703655795000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Promotion of Colitis in B Cell-Deficient C57BL\/6 Mice Infected with Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonjae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Eun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8002-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da-Hye","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hyeon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Yoon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Jong","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07008","article-title":"A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease","volume":"453","author":"Mazmanian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00587-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00587-18","article-title":"The protective role of Bacteroides fragilis in a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal 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